Quinones; anthraquinone

HS v2017 Code: 291461

About quinones; anthraquinone

HS code 291461 covers the classification of quinones, a class of organic compounds that play a vital role in various industries. Quinones, including the specific compound anthraquinone, are widely used as dyes, pigments, and intermediates in the production of a range of consumer and industrial products. This industry is an essential component of the broader chemical manufacturing sector, contributing to the development of diverse applications across various industries.

Production process

The production of quinones and anthraquinone typically involves a series of chemical reactions and purification processes. The starting materials, often derived from petroleum or coal-tar sources, undergo oxidation, reduction, and other transformations to synthesize the desired quinone compounds. Specialized equipment, such as reactors, distillation columns, and crystallization units, are employed to ensure efficient and high-quality production.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of quinones and anthraquinone include various aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, which serve as the primary raw materials. Additionally, the industry relies on a range of chemical reagents, catalysts, and energy sources to facilitate the necessary chemical reactions and purification steps. Specialized machinery and equipment, such as reactors, distillation columns, and crystallization units, are also essential inputs for this industry.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of HS code 291461 are quinones and anthraquinone, which find applications in a wide range of industries. Quinones are used as dyes and pigments in the textile, paper, and plastics industries, as well as in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Anthraquinone, a specific type of quinone, is particularly important as a precursor for the manufacture of 291469 other quinones, 320411 synthetic organic coloring matter, and 291429 other cyclic hydrocarbons, among other related products.

Revisions to 291461

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 291461. The most recent 1 version of this code (291461) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 291461 ( HS v2017).

Newer versions
Older versions

Family tree for quinones; anthraquinone

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/29'>29: Organic chemicals</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/2914'>2914: Ketones and quinones; whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrostated derivatives</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291461'>291461: Quinones; anthraquinone</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291411'>291411: Ketones; acyclic, without other oxygen function, acetone</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291412'>291412: Ketones; acyclic, without other oxygen function, butanone (methyl ethyl ketone)</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291413'>291413: Ketones; acyclic, without other oxygen function, 4-methylpentan-2-one (methyl isobutyl ketone)</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291419'>291419: Ketones; acyclic, without other oxygen function, n.e.c. in item no. 2914.1</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291422'>291422: Ketones; cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic, without other oxygen function, cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanones</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291423'>291423: Ketones; cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic, without other oxygen function, ionones and methylionones</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291429'>291429: Ketones; cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic, without other oxygen function, other than cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanones, ionones, and methylionones</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291431'>291431: Ketones; aromatic, (without other oxygen function), phenylacetone (phenylpropan-2-one)</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291439'>291439: Ketones; aromatic, (without other oxygen function), excluding phenylacetone (phenylpropan-2-one)</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291440'>291440: Ketone-alcohols and ketone-aldehydes</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291450'>291450: Ketone-phenols and ketones with other oxygen function</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291462'>291462: Quinones; coenzyme Q10 (ubidecarenone (INN))</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291469'>291469: Quinones; other than anthraquinone and coenzyme Q10 (ubidecarenone (INN))</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291471'>291471: Ketones and quinones; halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives; chlordecone (ISO)</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/291479'>291479: Ketones and quinones; halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives, other than chlordecone (ISO)</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight