Chromium oxides and hydroxides; excluding chromium trioxide

HS code 281990 covers a range of chromium-based compounds, excluding chromium trioxide. These materials play a crucial role in various industrial applications, from metallurgy and chemical manufacturing to pigments and catalysts. As a key component in the production of stainless steel, chromium oxides and hydroxides are integral to the global metal processing industry, contributing to the strength and corrosion resistance of numerous metal products. Additionally, these compounds find use in the production of pigments, catalysts, and other specialized chemicals, making them an essential part of the broader chemical industry.

Chromium oxides and hydroxides are typically produced through the chemical processing of chromium-bearing ores or other chromium-containing materials. The primary production methods involve roasting, leaching, and precipitation techniques to extract and purify the desired chromium compounds. These processes may also involve additional steps, such as filtration, drying, and calcination, to obtain the final chromium oxide or hydroxide products.

The main inputs required for the production of chromium oxides and hydroxides include chromium-bearing ores, such as chromite, as well as various chemical reagents and energy sources. Specialized equipment, such as furnaces, reactors, and filtration systems, are also necessary for the efficient processing and purification of these materials. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce with expertise in chemical processing and metallurgy.

The primary outputs of HS code 281990 are various chromium oxides and hydroxides, which find applications in a wide range of industries. These compounds are used as pigments in paints, coatings, and ceramics, as well as catalysts in chemical processes. They are also employed in the production of 720810 Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, 720825 Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, and other metal alloys, contributing to their corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Additionally, chromium oxides and hydroxides may be further processed or combined with other materials to create specialized chemicals and products.