Nitric acid; sulphonitric acids

HS code 280800 covers the production and trade of nitric acid and sulphonitric acids. These inorganic chemicals are essential for a wide range of industrial processes and applications, making them a crucial component of the global chemical industry. Nitric acid, in particular, is a highly versatile compound with uses ranging from the manufacture of fertilizers to the production of explosives and pharmaceuticals. The sulphonitric acids, which are a combination of nitric and sulfuric acids, also find application in various industrial sectors, contributing to the overall importance of this HS code within the broader economy.

The primary production method for nitric acid and sulphonitric acids involves the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. This process, known as the Ostwald process, involves the reaction of ammonia with oxygen to form nitric oxide, which is then further oxidized and absorbed in water to produce nitric acid. For sulphonitric acids, the nitric acid is combined with sulfuric acid to create the desired sulphonitric acid mixture. These production techniques are well-established and widely used in the industry, ensuring a reliable and efficient supply of these essential chemicals.

The main inputs required for the production of nitric acid and sulphonitric acids include ammonia, oxygen, and sulfuric acid (for sulphonitric acids). Ammonia is typically produced from natural gas or other hydrocarbon sources, while oxygen is obtained from air separation units. Sulfuric acid is a separate commodity that is also widely used in various other industries. Additionally, the production process requires specialized equipment, such as catalytic reactors, absorption towers, and distillation columns, to ensure the efficient and safe conversion of the raw materials into the final products.

The primary outputs of HS code 280800 are nitric acid and sulphonitric acids. These chemicals are then consumed by a wide range of industries, including 310000 Fertilizers, 282000 Inorganic chemical compounds, 292100 Heterocyclic compounds, and 360100 Explosives. Nitric acid, for example, is a key ingredient in the production of ammonium nitrate fertilizers, while sulphonitric acids find use in the manufacture of certain pharmaceuticals and explosives. The outputs of this HS code are essential for the functioning of these downstream industries, highlighting the importance of this code within the broader chemical supply chain.