Coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon

HS v2022 Code: 2704

About coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon

HS code 2704 covers the production of coke and semi-coke, which are essential materials in various industrial processes. Coke, a solid carbon-rich material, is primarily used as a fuel and reducing agent in the production of iron and steel. It plays a crucial role in the global metal industry, contributing to the manufacturing of a wide range of metal-based products. The importance of this industry extends beyond the metal sector, as coke and semi-coke are also utilized in the production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other specialized applications.

Production process

The production of coke and semi-coke involves the thermal decomposition of coal, lignite, or peat in the absence of oxygen, a process known as carbonization or pyrolysis. This process takes place in specialized furnaces or retorts, where the raw materials are heated to high temperatures, typically between 900°C and 1,200°C. During this process, the volatile components of the feedstock are driven off, leaving behind a solid, carbon-rich material known as coke or semi-coke, depending on the specific production parameters.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of coke and semi-coke include various types of coal, lignite, or peat as the primary raw materials. These feedstocks are carefully selected and prepared to ensure consistent quality and optimal performance in the carbonization process. Additionally, the production facilities require specialized equipment, such as retorts, furnaces, and material handling systems, to efficiently convert the raw materials into the desired coke and semi-coke products.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the coke and semi-coke industry are the coke and semi-coke products themselves. These materials are then consumed by various industries, including the 7201 Iron and steel, 2804 Hydrogen, rare gases and other non-metals, and 2803 (Carbon (carbon blacks and other forms of carbon, n.e.c.)) industries, among others. The specific applications of coke and semi-coke depend on their physical and chemical properties, which can be tailored through the production process.

Family tree for coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/27'>27: Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2704'>2704: Coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2701'>2701: Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2702'>2702: Lignite; whether or not agglomerated, excluding jet</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2703'>2703: Peat; (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2705'>2705: Coal gas, water gas, producer gas and similar gases, other than petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2706'>2706: Tar distilled from coal, from lignite, peat and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled; including reconstituted tars</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2707'>2707: Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2708'>2708: Pitch and pitch coke; obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2709'>2709: Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals; crude</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2710'>2710: Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude; preparations n.e.c, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals; these being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2711'>2711: Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2712'>2712: Petroleum jelly; paraffin wax, micro-crystalline petroleum wax, slack wax, ozokerite, lignite wax, peat wax, other mineral waxes, similar products obtained by synthesis, other processes; coloured or not</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2713'>2713: Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen; other residues of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2714'>2714: Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil shale and tar sands; asphaltites and asphaltic rocks</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2715'>2715: Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt; on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (e.g. bituminous mastics, cut-backs)</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2716'>2716: Electrical energy</a>"]

    B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/270400'>270400: Coke and semi-coke; of coal, lignite or peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight