Dairy produce; natural milk constituents (excluding whey), whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter, n.e.c. in chapter 04

HS code 040490 covers a diverse range of dairy products that are derived from natural milk constituents, excluding whey. These products play a crucial role in the global food and beverage industry, providing essential nutrients and contributing to the production of a wide variety of consumer goods. As a key component of the dairy sector, this industry is closely integrated with the broader agricultural economy and has significant implications for international trade and economic development.

The production of goods under HS code 040490 typically involves various processing techniques, such as pasteurization, homogenization, and drying or evaporation. These methods are used to extract, concentrate, and preserve the natural milk constituents, ensuring their quality and shelf-life. Depending on the specific product, additional steps may include blending, fortification, or the addition of sweeteners or other ingredients to meet consumer preferences and regulatory requirements.

The main inputs required for the production of goods under HS code 040490 include raw milk, which is the primary source of the natural milk constituents. Other key inputs may include processing equipment, such as centrifuges, evaporators, and drying chambers, as well as packaging materials, energy sources, and various additives or flavorings. The availability and quality of these inputs, as well as the efficiency of the production processes, are crucial factors in determining the competitiveness and profitability of this industry.

The outputs of the industry covered by HS code 040490 include a wide range of dairy products, such as milk powders, condensed milk, and various milk-based preparations. These products are often used as ingredients in the manufacture of 040310 Yogurt, 040610 Fresh cheese, including whey cheese, and curd, and 040700 Birds' eggs, in shell, fresh, preserved or cooked, among other food and beverage items. The diverse applications of these dairy products across multiple industries highlight their importance in the global supply chain.