Dairy produce; yoghurt, whether or not concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavoured or containing added fruit, nuts or cocoa

HS code 040320 covers a wide range of dairy products, including yoghurt, whether or not concentrated or containing added sweeteners, flavors, fruits, nuts, or cocoa. This industry plays a crucial role in the global food and beverage sector, providing nutritious and versatile dairy-based products that are consumed worldwide. As a significant contributor to the agricultural and manufacturing economies, the 040320 industry is an important component of the broader food supply chain.

The production of yoghurt and other dairy products under HS code 040320 typically involves a multi-step process. First, raw milk is collected and pasteurized to eliminate harmful bacteria. The milk is then fermented with specific cultures, which convert lactose into lactic acid, giving yoghurt its distinctive tangy flavor and thick, creamy texture. Depending on the desired product, additional ingredients such as sweeteners, fruits, or flavorings may be added during or after the fermentation process. The final product is then packaged and distributed for consumption.

The main inputs required for the 040320 industry include raw milk, which is the primary ingredient. Specialized cultures and starters are also essential for the fermentation process. Other common inputs include sugar, fruit purees or pieces, nuts, cocoa, and various stabilizers or thickeners. Production also requires specialized equipment such as pasteurizers, fermentation tanks, and packaging machinery. The industry relies on a steady supply of these key raw materials and technological resources to manufacture a diverse range of dairy products.

The 040320 industry produces a wide variety of yoghurt and other dairy-based products, including plain, flavored, and fruit-based yoghurts, as well as yoghurt-based drinks and desserts. These outputs are consumed by a broad range of end-users, including individual consumers, food service establishments, and 150500 Dairy products, 220290 Non-alcoholic beverages, and 210500 Ice cream and other edible ice. The versatility and nutritional value of these dairy products make them an integral part of many people's diets around the world.