Copper; refined and copper alloys, unwrought

HS v2017 Code: 7403

About copper; refined and copper alloys, unwrought

HS code 7403 covers refined copper and copper alloys in unwrought form. This industry is a critical component of the global metals and mining sector, providing essential raw materials for a wide range of industries, including construction, electronics, transportation, and industrial machinery. Copper's unique properties, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and malleability, make it a highly sought-after material in both domestic and international markets.

Production process

The production of refined copper and copper alloys typically involves a multi-step process. First, copper ore is extracted from mines and then undergoes smelting and refining to produce pure copper. The refined copper can then be alloyed with other metals, such as zinc, tin, or nickel, to create a variety of copper alloys with different properties and applications. The specific production techniques may vary depending on the type of copper or alloy being produced, but generally involve processes like melting, casting, and rolling.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of refined copper and copper alloys include copper ore, other metal inputs for alloying, energy sources (such as electricity or natural gas), and specialized equipment like smelters, refiners, and casting/rolling machinery. The availability and cost of these inputs can significantly impact the overall competitiveness and profitability of the industry.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of HS code 7403 are refined copper and a variety of copper alloys, including brass, bronze, and copper-nickel alloys. These materials are then consumed by a wide range of downstream industries, such as 7407 Copper bars, rods and profiles, 7408 Copper wire, 7409 Copper plates, sheets and strip, and 7410 Copper foil, which use them as inputs for the manufacture of a diverse array of products, from electrical wiring and plumbing fixtures to automotive parts and industrial machinery.

Family tree for copper; refined and copper alloys, unwrought

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/74'>74: Copper and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7403'>7403: Copper; refined and copper alloys, unwrought</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7401'>7401: Copper mattes; cement copper (precipitated copper)</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7402'>7402: Copper; unrefined, copper anodes for electrolytic refining</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7404'>7404: Copper; waste and scrap</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7405'>7405: Copper; master alloys</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7406'>7406: Copper; powders and flakes</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7407'>7407: Copper; bars, rods and profiles</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7408'>7408: Copper wire</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7409'>7409: Copper plates, sheets and strip; of a thickness exceeding 0.15mm</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7410'>7410: Copper foil (whether or not printed or backed with paper, paperboard, plastics or similar backing materials) of a thickness (excluding any backing) not exceeding 0.15mm</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7411'>7411: Copper tubes and pipes</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7412'>7412: Copper; tube or pipe fittings (e.g. couplings, elbows, sleeves)</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7413'>7413: Copper; stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, not electrically insulated</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7415'>7415: Copper, nails, tacks, drawing pins, staples (not those of heading no. 8305) and the like, of copper or iron or steel with heads of copper; screws bolts, nuts, screws hooks, rivets, cotters, washers</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7418'>7418: Copper; table, kitchen or other household articles and parts thereof; pot scourers, scouring, polishing pads, gloves and the like; sanitary ware and parts thereof</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7419'>7419: Copper; articles thereof n.e.c. in chapter 74</a>"]

    B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/740311'>740311: Copper; refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/740312'>740312: Copper; refined, unwrought, wire-bars</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/740313'>740313: Copper; refined, unwrought, billets</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/740319'>740319: Copper; refined, unwrought, n.e.c. in item no. 7403.1</a>"]
B --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/740321'>740321: Copper; copper-zinc base alloys (brass) unwrought</a>"]
B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/740322'>740322: Copper; copper-tin base alloys (bronze) unwrought</a>"]
B --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/740329'>740329: Copper; copper alloys n.e.c. in heading no. 7403 (other than master alloys of heading no. 7405)</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6
class U level6
class V level6
class W level6
class X level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight