Pearls; natural or cultured, whether or not worked or graded but not strung, mounted or set; pearls, natural or cultured, temporarily strung for the convenience of transport

HS v2017 Code: 7101

About pearls; natural or cultured, whether or not worked or graded but not strung, mounted or set; pearls, natural or cultured, temporarily strung for the convenience of transport

HS code 7101 covers the trade of natural and cultured pearls, a valuable and versatile commodity in the global economy. Pearls are highly sought-after for their unique beauty, rarity, and use in a wide range of industries, from jewelry and fashion to cosmetics and traditional medicine. As a significant contributor to international trade, the pearl industry plays a crucial role in the global marketplace, connecting producers, processors, and consumers across various regions and markets.

Production process

The production of pearls, both natural and cultured, involves intricate techniques. Natural pearls are formed when an irritant, such as a grain of sand, becomes trapped within an oyster or mussel, which then coats the irritant with layers of nacre, creating the pearl. Cultured pearls, on the other hand, are produced by intentionally inserting a nucleus, usually a small bead, into the mollusk, which then coats the nucleus with nacre, resulting in a pearl. Both natural and cultured pearls can be further processed, such as by drilling, cutting, or polishing, to enhance their appearance and value.

Production inputs

The primary inputs required for the pearl industry include the mollusks, such as oysters and mussels, that produce the pearls, as well as the equipment and facilities necessary for pearl cultivation and processing. Specialized knowledge and skilled labor are also essential, as the cultivation and processing of pearls require meticulous techniques and attention to detail. Additionally, the industry relies on a range of supporting services, such as transportation, logistics, and financial services, to facilitate the global trade of pearls.

Production outputs

The primary output of the pearl industry is, of course, pearls themselves, which are used in a variety of applications. Pearls are commonly used in the production of jewelry, such as necklaces, earrings, and bracelets 7113 Articles of jewelry and parts thereof, of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal. They are also used in the cosmetics industry, as well as in traditional medicine and other specialized applications. The pearls produced under HS code 7101 may be further processed and incorporated into other products, such as those covered under 7116 (Articles of natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed)), 9706 Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years, and 9601 (Worked ivory, bone, tortoiseshell, horn, antlers, coral, mother-of-pearl and other animal carving material, and articles of these materials (including articles obtained by moulding)), among others.

Family tree for pearls; natural or cultured, whether or not worked or graded but not strung, mounted or set; pearls, natural or cultured, temporarily strung for the convenience of transport

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/71'>71: Natural, cultured pearls; precious, semi-precious stones; precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7101'>7101: Pearls; natural or cultured, whether or not worked or graded but not strung, mounted or set; pearls, natural or cultured, temporarily strung for the convenience of transport</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7102'>7102: Diamonds, whether or not worked, but not mounted or set</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7103'>7103: Precious (excluding diamond) and semi-precious stone; worked, graded, not strung, mounted, set; ungraded precious (excluding diamond) and semi-precious stone, temporarily strung for convenience of transport</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7104'>7104: Synthetic, reconstructed precious, semi-precious stone worked, graded or not, not strung or mounted, set; ungraded synthetic, reconstructed precious, semi-precious stones, temporarily strung for transport</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7105'>7105: Dust and powder of natural or synthetic precious or semi-precious stone</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7106'>7106: Silver (including silver plated with gold or platinum); unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7107'>7107: Base metals clad with silver; not further worked than semi-manufactured</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7108'>7108: Gold (including gold plated with platinum) unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7109'>7109: Base metals or silver, clad with gold, not further worked than semi-manufactured</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7110'>7110: Platinum; unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7111'>7111: Base metals, silver or gold, clad with platinum; not further worked than semi-manufactured</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7112'>7112: Waste and scrap of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal; other waste and scrap containing precious metal compounds, of a kind uses principally for the recovery of precious metal</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7113'>7113: Jewellery articles and parts thereof, of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7114'>7114: Articles of goldsmiths' or silversmiths' wares and parts thereof, of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7115'>7115: Articles of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7116'>7116: Articles of natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed)</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7117'>7117: Imitation jewellery</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/7118'>7118: Coin</a>"]

    B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/710110'>710110: Pearls; natural, whether or not worked or graded (but not strung, mounted or set), temporarily strung for the convenience of transport</a>"]
B --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/710121'>710121: Pearls; cultured, unworked, whether or not graded (but not strung, mounted or set), temporarily strung for the convenience of transport</a>"]
B --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/710122'>710122: Pearls; cultured, worked, whether or not graded (but not strung, mounted or set), temporarily strung for the convenience of transport</a>"]


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    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
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class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level6
class U level6
class V level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight