Ceramic articles n.e.c. in chapter 69; of porcelain or china

HS code 691410 covers a diverse range of ceramic articles not elsewhere classified in Chapter 69, specifically those made of porcelain or china. This industry plays a vital role in the global manufacturing landscape, providing essential components and materials for a wide array of industries, from construction and home furnishings to electronics and healthcare. As a highly specialized sector, the production of these ceramic articles requires a deep understanding of materials science, advanced manufacturing techniques, and strict quality control measures.

The production of ceramic articles under HS code 691410 typically involves a multi-step process. It begins with the careful selection and preparation of raw materials, such as clay, feldspar, and quartz, which are then mixed and processed into a homogeneous ceramic body. This ceramic body is then shaped using techniques like molding, casting, or extrusion, depending on the specific product requirements. The shaped articles are then dried, fired at high temperatures, and often undergo additional finishing processes, such as glazing or decorating, to achieve the desired aesthetic and functional properties.

The main inputs required for the production of ceramic articles under HS code 691410 include high-quality raw materials like 2507 Kaolin and other kaolinic clays, 2529 Feldspar; leucite; nepheline and nepheline syenite, and 2506 (Quartz (other than natural sands); quartzite). Additionally, specialized equipment and machinery, such as kilns, molds, and finishing tools, are essential for the various stages of the production process. Skilled labor with expertise in ceramic engineering, materials science, and quality control is also a critical input for this industry.

The ceramic articles produced under HS code 691410 have a wide range of applications and are consumed by various other industries. These products can be used in construction, such as 6907 Ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles; ceramic mosaic cubes and the like, sanitary ware, and decorative elements. They are also used in the production of 8516 (Electric instantaneous or storage water heaters and immersion heaters; electric space-heating apparatus and soil-heating apparatus; electro-thermic hair-dressing apparatus (for example, hair dryers, hair curlers, curling tong heaters) and hand dryers; electric smoothing irons; other electro-thermic appliances of a kind used for domestic purposes; electric heating resistors, other than those of heading 8545), 8539 Electric filament or discharge lamps, including sealed beam lamp units and ultra-violet or infra-red lamps; arc-lamps, and various other electronic and medical devices.