Millstones and grindstones; for milling, grinding or pulping

HS v2017 Code: 680410

About millstones and grindstones; for milling, grinding or pulping

HS code 680410 covers the production and trade of millstones, grindstones, and other abrasive tools used for milling, grinding, or pulping. These essential industrial tools are vital components in a wide range of manufacturing and processing industries, from food production to mineral extraction. As a key enabler of many economic activities, the 680410 industry plays an important role in the broader global economy.

Production process

Millstones and grindstones are typically manufactured from natural stone materials, such as granite, sandstone, or volcanic rock. The production process often involves quarrying the raw stone, cutting it into the desired shapes and sizes, and then finishing the surfaces to the required specifications. Advanced techniques may also include bonding abrasive materials onto the stone to enhance its grinding capabilities.

Production inputs

The main inputs for the 680410 industry include the raw stone materials, as well as specialized machinery and tools for quarrying, cutting, and finishing the products. Energy sources, such as electricity or fuel, are also necessary for powering the production equipment. Additionally, the industry may rely on various adhesives, binders, and other materials to create the final abrasive tools.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the 680410 industry are the millstones, grindstones, and other abrasive tools used for milling, grinding, and pulping. These products are essential inputs for a wide range of downstream industries, including 100100 Wheat, 110100 Flour, 230110 Flours and meals of oil seeds or oleaginous fruits, and 251010 Natural calcium phosphates. The 680410 industry also produces specialized abrasive tools for use in construction, mining, and other industrial applications.

Revisions to 680410

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 680410. The most recent 1 version of this code (680410) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 680410 ( HS v2017).

Family tree for millstones and grindstones; for milling, grinding or pulping

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/68'>68: Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar materials; articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/6804'>6804: Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels, etc without frameworks, for grinding, sharpening, polishing, etc and parts thereof, natural stone, agglomerated natural or artificial abrasives or of ceramics</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/680410'>680410: Millstones and grindstones; for milling, grinding or pulping</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/680421'>680421: Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like; of agglomerated synthetic or natural diamond</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/680422'>680422: Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like; of other agglomerated abrasives or of ceramics</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/680423'>680423: Millstones, grindstones, grinding wheels and the like; of natural stone</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/680430'>680430: Stones; hand sharpening or polishing stones, of natural stone, agglomerated natural or artificial abrasives or ceramics, with or without parts of other materials</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight