Hard rubber (e.g. ebonite) in all forms, including waste and scrap; articles of hard rubber
HS v2017 Code: 4017
About hard rubber (e.g. ebonite) in all forms, including waste and scrap; articles of hard rubber
HS code 4017 covers a range of hard rubber products, including ebonite, which is a type of vulcanized rubber known for its durability and resistance to chemicals. This industry plays a crucial role in the broader manufacturing sector, providing essential materials for a variety of applications, from industrial equipment to consumer goods.
Production process
The production of hard rubber typically involves a multi-step process. First, natural or synthetic rubber is combined with sulfur and other additives, then heated and pressurized to undergo vulcanization. This process transforms the rubber into a harder, more rigid material. The vulcanized rubber is then molded or extruded into the desired shapes and forms, such as sheets, rods, or custom-made articles.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the hard rubber industry include natural or synthetic rubber, sulfur, and various other chemical additives. Additionally, specialized machinery, such as mixers, extruders, and molding equipment, are essential for the production process. The industry also relies on a skilled workforce to operate the equipment and ensure quality control.
Production outputs
The hard rubber products covered by HS code 4017 are used in a wide range of applications, including 4016 Articles of vulcanized rubber other than hard rubber, 4015 (Articles of apparel and clothing accessories (including gloves, mittens and mitts), for all purposes, of vulcanized rubber other than hard rubber), and 4823 Other paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibers, cut to size or shape; other articles of paper pulp, paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibers. These hard rubber materials are valued for their durability, chemical resistance, and insulating properties.
Family tree for hard rubber (e.g. ebonite) in all forms, including waste and scrap; articles of hard rubber
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/40'>40: Rubber and articles thereof</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4017'>4017: Hard rubber (e.g. ebonite) in all forms, including waste and scrap; articles of hard rubber</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4001'>4001: Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar gums; in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4002'>4002: Synthetic rubber and factice derived from oils, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip; mixtures of heading no. 4001 and 4002, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4003'>4003: Reclaimed rubber in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4004'>4004: Waste, parings and scrap of rubber (other than hard rubber) and powders and granules obtained therefrom</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4005'>4005: Compounded rubber, unvulcanised, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4006'>4006: Unvulcanised rubber in other forms (e.g. rods, tubes and profile shapes) and articles (e.g. discs and rings)</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4007'>4007: Vulcanised rubber thread and cord</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4008'>4008: Plates, sheets, strip, rods and profile shapes, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4009'>4009: Tubes, pipes and hoses, of vulcanised rubber (other than hard rubber), with or without their fittings (e.g. joints, elbows, flanges)</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4010'>4010: Conveyor or transmission belts or belting, of vulcanised rubber</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4011'>4011: New pneumatic tyres, of rubber</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4012'>4012: Retreaded or used pneumatic tyres of rubber; solid or cushion tyres, tyre treads and tyre flaps, of rubber</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4013'>4013: Inner tubes, of rubber</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4014'>4014: Hygienic or pharmaceutical articles (including teats), of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, with or without fittings of hard rubber</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4015'>4015: Articles of apparel and clothing accessories (including gloves, mittens and mitts), for all purposes, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4016'>4016: Articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, n.e.c. in chapter 40</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/401700'>401700: Rubber; ebonite and other hard rubbers in all forms, including waste and scrap, and articles of hard rubber</a>"]
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