Rubber; inner tubes, n.e.c. in heading no. 4013

HS code 401390 covers a diverse range of rubber inner tubes used in various applications. These inner tubes are essential components in the transportation industry, providing crucial support and stability to vehicle tires. The production and trade of these rubber inner tubes play a significant role in the global economy, facilitating the movement of goods and people across borders.

The production of rubber inner tubes typically involves a multi-step process. First, raw rubber materials are mixed with various additives, such as carbon black and vulcanizing agents, to enhance the material's strength, durability, and flexibility. The mixture is then extruded or molded into the desired inner tube shape, often with reinforcing layers of fabric or steel. Finally, the inner tubes undergo a curing or vulcanization process, which cross-links the rubber molecules to improve their resistance to heat, chemicals, and wear.

The main inputs required for the production of rubber inner tubes include natural and synthetic rubber, as well as various chemicals and additives. Machinery such as extruders, molding equipment, and vulcanization presses are also essential for the manufacturing process. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce to operate the equipment and ensure consistent product quality.

The primary output of HS code 401390 is rubber inner tubes, which are used in a wide range of applications, including 401110 Pneumatic tyres, new, of rubber and 401120 Pneumatic tyres, new, of rubber - of a kind used on buses or lorries. These inner tubes are also used in other transportation modes, such as bicycles, motorcycles, and heavy machinery. The rubber inner tubes produced under this code are essential components that support the broader transportation and logistics industries.