Pigments, prepared; opacifiers, colours, vitrifiable enamels, glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres etc as used in the ceramic enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and powder, granules or flakes

HS v2017 Code: 3207

About pigments, prepared; opacifiers, colours, vitrifiable enamels, glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres etc as used in the ceramic enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and powder, granules or flakes

HS code 3207 covers a diverse range of products used extensively in the ceramic, enamel, and glass industries. These materials play a crucial role in imparting color, opacity, and specialized coatings to a wide variety of end-products, from decorative tiles and tableware to architectural glass and industrial components. As a key enabler for these industries, the 3207 product group is an important contributor to the broader manufacturing and construction sectors.

Production process

The production of 3207 materials typically involves a combination of chemical synthesis, milling, and specialized processing techniques. Pigments are often manufactured through processes like precipitation, calcination, or organic synthesis, while vitrifiable enamels and glazes are formulated by blending and melting various mineral components. Glass frit and powder are produced by melting and quenching glass compositions to achieve the desired particle size and properties.

Production inputs

The main inputs for the 3207 industry include a variety of mineral raw materials such as clays, feldspars, silica, and metallic oxides. Specialized chemicals like organic dyes, metallic salts, and fluxing agents are also commonly used. Production also requires specialized equipment like mills, melting furnaces, and particle size classification systems. Energy, in the form of heat and electricity, is another significant input for this industry.

Production outputs

The outputs of the 3207 industry are primarily used as inputs for the 3208 (Paints and varnishes (including enamels and lacquers), based on synthetic polymers or chemically modified natural polymers, dispersed or dissolved in a non-aqueous medium; solutions as defined in Note 4 to this Chapter), 6907 Ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles; ceramic mosaic cubes and the like, whether or not on a backing; finishing ceramics, and 7013 (Glassware of a kind used for table, kitchen, toilet, office, indoor decoration or similar purposes (other than that of heading 7010 or 7018)) industries. These materials help impart desired visual and functional properties to a wide range of end-products.

Family tree for pigments, prepared; opacifiers, colours, vitrifiable enamels, glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres etc as used in the ceramic enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and powder, granules or flakes

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/32'>32: Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; paints, varnishes; putty, other mastics; inks</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3207'>3207: Pigments, prepared; opacifiers, colours, vitrifiable enamels, glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres etc as used in the ceramic enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and powder, granules or flakes</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3201'>3201: Tanning extracts of vegetable origin; tannins and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3202'>3202: Tanning substances; synthetic organic or inorganic tanning substances; tanning preparations, whether or not containing natural tanning substances, enzymatic preparations for pre-tanning</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3203'>3203: Colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin (including dyeing extracts, not animal black); whether or not chemically defined; preparations based on colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3204'>3204: Synthetic organic colouring matter and preparations based thereon; synthetic organic products used as fluorescent brightening agents or as luminophores; whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3205'>3205: Colour lakes; preparations based on colour lakes as specified in note 3 to this chapter</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3206'>3206: Colouring matter and preparations thereof n.e.c. in heading no. 3203, 3204, 3205; inorganic products, kind used as luminophores whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3208'>3208: Paints, varnishes; (enamels and lacquers) based on synthetic polymers or chemically modified natural polymers, dispersed or dissolved in a non-aqueous medium</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3209'>3209: Paints and varnishes (including enamels and lacquers) based on synthetic or chemically modified natural polymers, dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3210'>3210: Paints and varnishes (including enamels, lacquers and distempers), excluding those of heading no. 3209, prepared water pigments of a kind used for finishing leather</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3211'>3211: Driers; prepared</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3212'>3212: Pigments (metallic powders and flakes) dispersed in non-aqueous media in liquid or paste form, as used in manufacture of paints (including enamels); stamping foils, dyes etc in forms, packing for retail sale</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3213'>3213: Colours; artists, students, or signboard painters, modifying tints, amusement colours and the like; in tablets, tubes, jars, bottles, pan or in similar forms or packings</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3214'>3214: Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics; painters' fillings; non-refractory surfacing preparations for facades, indoor walls, floors, ceilings or the like</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/3215'>3215: Ink; printing, writing or drawing ink and other inks; whether or not concentrated or solid</a>"]

    B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320710'>320710: Pigments; prepared pigments, opacifiers, colours and similar preparations</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320720'>320720: Enamels and glazes; vitrifiable enamels and glazes, engobes (slips) and similar preparations</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320730'>320730: Lustres; liquid lustres and similar preparations</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/320740'>320740: Glass; glass frit and other glass, in the form of powder, granules or flakes</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight