Carbides; whether or not chemically defined, other than of calcium or silicon

HS code 284990 covers a diverse range of carbide materials, excluding those of calcium or silicon. Carbides are compounds composed of carbon and one or more metallic elements, and they possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them invaluable in a wide array of industrial applications. These materials play a crucial role in various sectors, including manufacturing, energy, and construction, contributing to the overall strength and efficiency of the global economy.

The production of carbides under HS code 284990 typically involves a high-temperature reaction between carbon and metallic elements. This process, known as carbothermic reduction, is commonly carried out in electric arc furnaces or other specialized equipment capable of reaching the necessary temperatures, often exceeding 2,000°C. The specific techniques may vary depending on the type of carbide being produced, but the general principle remains the same: the controlled combination of carbon and metallic raw materials to form the desired carbide compound.

The main inputs required for the production of carbides under HS code 284990 include various metallic elements, such as tungsten, titanium, boron, and others, as well as high-purity carbon sources, such as graphite or charcoal. Specialized equipment, including furnaces, crucibles, and milling machinery, are also essential for the manufacturing process. Additionally, the industry may rely on energy sources, such as electricity or natural gas, to power the high-temperature reactions.

The carbides produced under HS code 284990 have a wide range of applications, including the manufacture of cutting tools, wear-resistant components, and refractory materials. These carbides are often used in 820720 Interchangeable tools for hand tools and 848620 Machines and apparatus for the manufacture of semiconductor devices or of electronic integrated circuits, as well as in the production of 681510 Non-electrical articles of graphite or other carbon, 848180 Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances, and 731511 Chain and parts thereof, of iron or steel.