Mercury

HS code 280540 covers the classification of mercury, a unique and versatile element with a wide range of industrial and scientific applications. As a dense, silvery-white liquid metal, mercury plays a crucial role in various sectors, including chemical production, electrical equipment, and scientific instrumentation. Its distinctive properties, such as high density, low melting point, and ability to conduct electricity, make it an indispensable material in the global economy.

Mercury is primarily extracted from cinnabar, a naturally occurring mercury sulfide ore. The main production technique involves mining and processing the cinnabar ore to extract the pure mercury. This process typically includes crushing the ore, roasting it to release the mercury vapor, and then condensing the vapor to collect the liquid mercury. Advancements in extraction and purification methods have improved the efficiency and environmental sustainability of mercury production in recent years.

The primary input for the mercury industry is the cinnabar ore, which is mined from deposits around the world. Additionally, the production process requires specialized equipment, such as furnaces, condensers, and purification systems, as well as energy sources to power the extraction and refining operations. Skilled labor, including geologists, mining engineers, and chemical technicians, is also a crucial input for the industry.

The primary output of HS code 280540 is refined, high-purity mercury. This mercury is then used as a raw material in a variety of downstream industries, including 280519 Mercury and mercury compounds, 851130 Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines, and 901380 Optical devices, appliances and instruments, n.e.s. in chapter 90. Mercury's unique properties make it essential for the production of various products, from electrical switches and thermometers to fluorescent lamps and dental amalgams.