Cereal straw and husks, unprepared; whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets

HS v2017 Code: 1213

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
12	13	n/a

Code	1213
Version	HS v2017
Hierarchy Level	4
Datasource	WCO
Chapter	12

Ancestor Codes: Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit, industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder

This Code: Cereal straw and husks, unprepared; whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets

Child Codes: Cereal straw and husks; unprepared, whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets

Sibling Codes (Nearest 5): Seeds, fruit and spores; of a kind used for sowing; Hop cones, fresh or dried, whether or not ground, powdered or in the form of pellets; lupulin; Plants and parts of plants (including seeds and fruits), of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered; Locust beans, seaweeds and other algae, sugar beet, sugar cane, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground; fruit stones, kernels and other vegetable products (including unroasted chicory roots) used primarily for human consumption, n.e.c.; Swedes, mangolds, fodder roots, hay, lucerne (alfalfa), clover, sainfoin, forage kale, lupines, vetches and similar forage products, whether or not in the form of pellets

About cereal straw and husks, unprepared; whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets

HS code 1213 covers the trade and production of cereal straw and husks, which are important agricultural by-products. These materials are widely used as animal feed, bedding, and in the manufacture of various products. The global market for cereal straw and husks is substantial, with significant trade flows between major agricultural producers and consumers across the world.

Production process

Cereal straw and husks are typically harvested alongside the primary cereal crop. They may be left to dry in the field, then baled or otherwise processed for storage and transportation. Some producers may further process the materials by chopping, grinding, or pelleting to improve handling and density for specific applications.

Production inputs

The main inputs for this industry are the cereal crops themselves, which provide the straw and husks as by-products. Machinery such as balers, grinders, and pellet mills are also required for processing the raw materials. Labor, storage, and transportation infrastructure are other key inputs needed to bring these products to market.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of HS code 1213 are cereal straw and husks in their various processed forms. These materials are consumed by a range of industries, including 1006 Rice, 1001 Wheat, and 1005 (Maize (corn)) producers for use as animal bedding and feed. They may also be used in the manufacture of 4401 Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms; wood in chips or particles; sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms and other bio-based products.

Family tree for cereal straw and husks, unprepared; whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/12'>12: Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit, industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1213'>1213: Cereal straw and husks, unprepared; whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1201'>1201: Soya beans, whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1202'>1202: Ground-nuts; not roasted or otherwise cooked, whether or not shelled or broken</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1203'>1203: Copra</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1204'>1204: Oil seeds; linseed, whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1205'>1205: Rape or colza seeds; whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1206'>1206: Sunflower seeds; whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1207'>1207: Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, n.e.c. in chapter 12; whether or not broken</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1208'>1208: Flours and meals of oil seeds or oleaginous fruits; other than those of mustard</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1209'>1209: Seeds, fruit and spores; of a kind used for sowing</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1210'>1210: Hop cones, fresh or dried, whether or not ground, powdered or in the form of pellets; lupulin</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1211'>1211: Plants and parts of plants (including seeds and fruits), of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1212'>1212: Locust beans, seaweeds and other algae, sugar beet, sugar cane, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not ground; fruit stones, kernels and other vegetable products (including unroasted chicory roots) used primarily for human consumption, n.e.c.</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/1214'>1214: Swedes, mangolds, fodder roots, hay, lucerne (alfalfa), clover, sainfoin, forage kale, lupines, vetches and similar forage products, whether or not in the form of pellets</a>"]

    B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/121300'>121300: Cereal straw and husks; unprepared, whether or not chopped, ground, pressed or in the form of pellets</a>"]


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class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
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  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight