Hop cones; ground, powdered or in the form of pellets; lupulin

HS code 121020 covers the trade of hop cones, which are an essential ingredient in the production of beer. Hops are a key component that imparts bitterness, aroma, and flavor to beer, making them a crucial raw material for the global brewing industry. The hop trade is a significant part of the agricultural economy, with major producers located in regions known for their ideal growing conditions.

Hop cones are typically harvested by hand or machine, dried, and then processed into various forms, such as ground, powdered, or pelletized. The lupulin, which contains the essential oils and resins that provide the desired bitterness and aroma, is also extracted and processed separately. These processing techniques help preserve the quality and stability of the hops, ensuring they can be effectively utilized by brewers worldwide.

The primary inputs for the hop industry include land, water, and labor for cultivation, as well as specialized drying and processing equipment. Hops are typically grown in temperate climates with well-drained soils, and the cultivation process requires significant manual labor, especially during the harvesting season. Additionally, the processing of hop cones into various forms requires specialized machinery and facilities to ensure consistent quality and product characteristics.

The main outputs of HS code 121020 are the various forms of processed hop cones, including ground, powdered, and pelletized hops, as well as the extracted lupulin. These products are primarily consumed by the 220300 beer industry, where they are used to impart bitterness, aroma, and flavor to beer. Other potential consumers of hop products may include the 330300 perfume and cosmetics industry, which can utilize the essential oils and resins found in hops.