Coke and semi-coke of coal, of lignite or of peat; retort carbon

cpc code 3310 covers the production of coke and semi-coke, which are essential materials in various industrial processes. Coke, a solid carbonaceous material derived from the heating of coal, is a crucial input for the 2410 Iron and Steel Basic Industries sector, serving as a reducing agent and fuel in blast furnaces. Semi-coke, a similar product obtained from the partial carbonization of coal, also finds applications in the chemical and energy industries. This industry plays a vital role in supporting the broader manufacturing and energy sectors, contributing to the overall economic development.

The production of coke and semi-coke involves the heating of coal or lignite in the absence of air, a process known as carbonization or pyrolysis. This process takes place in specialized ovens or retorts, where the coal is heated to high temperatures, typically between 900-1200°C. During this heating process, the volatile components of the coal are driven off, leaving behind a solid, porous material rich in carbon content - the coke or semi-coke. The specific techniques and equipment used can vary depending on the type of coal, the desired product characteristics, and the scale of production.

The primary input for this industry is coal or lignite, which serves as the raw material for the production of coke and semi-coke. In addition to the coal feedstock, the industry also requires specialized equipment such as coke ovens, retorts, and other processing machinery to facilitate the carbonization process. Energy sources, such as electricity or natural gas, are also necessary to power the high-temperature heating required for the production of these materials.

The main outputs of this industry are coke and semi-coke, which are then consumed by various other industries. Coke is primarily used as a reducing agent and fuel in the 2410 Iron and Steel Basic Industries, where it is essential for the production of pig iron and steel. Semi-coke, on the other hand, finds applications in the 2411 Manufacture of Basic Chemicals, where it can be used as a feedstock for the production of certain chemicals, as well as in the energy sector for power generation.