Rice, semi- or wholly milled

cpc code 23161 covers the production and processing of rice, a staple food grain that is a crucial component of the global agricultural economy. Rice is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed crops in the world, providing a significant source of calories, nutrients, and income for millions of people, particularly in Asia and Africa. The rice industry plays a vital role in food security, international trade, and the livelihoods of farmers and workers involved in its production and distribution.

The production of rice under cpc code 23161 involves several key steps. First, rice is grown in paddy fields, where the crop is submerged in water during the growing season. Once harvested, the rice undergoes a milling process to remove the outer husk and bran layers, leaving behind the edible white or brown rice grains. The degree of milling can vary, resulting in semi-milled or wholly milled rice, which have different culinary properties and nutritional profiles.

The main inputs required for the rice industry under cpc code 23161 include land, water, and agricultural machinery for cultivation, as well as milling equipment and processing facilities for post-harvest handling. Rice production also relies on various agricultural inputs such as 31110 Fertilizers and 31210 Pesticides, as well as a skilled labor force to manage the planting, harvesting, and processing operations.

The primary output of the rice industry under cpc code 23161 is the production of semi-milled or wholly milled rice, which is then distributed and consumed as a staple food or used as an input for other food products. The rice industry's output may also be 23162 Husks, bran, and other residues from the working of cereals, which can be used for animal feed or as a source of biomass energy.