Optical fibres and optical fibre bundles; optical fibre cables not of heading no. 8544; sheets, plates of polarising material; lenses, prisms, mirrors, of any material; unmounted; not non optical glass

HS v2022 Code: 9001

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
90	01	n/a

Code	9001
Version	HS v2022
Hierarchy Level	4
Datasource	WCO
Chapter	90

Ancestor Codes: Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories

This Code: Optical fibres and optical fibre bundles; optical fibre cables not of heading no. 8544; sheets, plates of polarising material; lenses, prisms, mirrors, of any material; unmounted; not non optical glass

Child Codes: Optical elements; polarising material, sheets and plates thereof; Lenses, contact; unmounted, of any material, excluding elements of glass not optically worked; Optical elements; lenses n.e.c. in heading no. 9001, prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, unmounted, of any material (excluding elements of glass not optically worked); Lenses, spectacle; unmounted, of glass, excluding elements of glass not optically worked; Optical fibres, optical fibre bundles and cables; excluding those of heading no. 8544; Lenses, spectacle; unmounted, of materials other than glass

Sibling Codes (Nearest 5): Lenses, prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, of any material, mounted, being parts or fittings for instruments or apparatus, other than such elements of glass not optically worked; Frames and mountings; for spectacles, goggles or the like, and parts; Spectacles, goggles and the like; corrective, protective or other; Binoculars, monoculars, other optical telescopes, mountings therefore; other astronomical instruments, mountings therefore, but not including instruments for radio-astronomy; Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic); photographic flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs other than discharge lamps of heading no. 8539

About optical fibres and optical fibre bundles; optical fibre cables not of heading no. 8544; sheets, plates of polarising material; lenses, prisms, mirrors, of any material; unmounted; not non optical glass

HS code 9001 covers a diverse range of optical products that are essential components in various industries, including telecommunications, electronics, and scientific research. These products play a crucial role in the transmission, manipulation, and analysis of light, enabling advancements in technology and scientific discovery. The global market for these optical components is expected to grow steadily in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for high-speed data communication, advanced imaging systems, and innovative optical technologies.

Production process

The production of the items covered under HS code 9001 typically involves specialized manufacturing processes. Optical fibres and fibre bundles are often produced through a process called 'fibre drawing', where a preform (a larger-scale version of the desired fibre) is heated and drawn into a thin, continuous strand. Optical fibre cables are then assembled by bundling and protecting these individual fibres. Lenses, prisms, and mirrors are commonly fabricated using precision grinding, polishing, and coating techniques to achieve the desired optical properties.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of HS code 9001 items include high-purity raw materials such as silica, glass, and various optical-grade polymers. Specialized machinery, such as fibre drawing towers, lens grinding and polishing equipment, and thin-film deposition systems, are also essential for the manufacturing process. Additionally, skilled technicians and engineers are required to operate the equipment and ensure the quality and precision of the final products.

Production outputs

The outputs of the industries covered under HS code 9001 are primarily used as components in a wide range of applications. Optical fibres and fibre cables are the backbone of modern telecommunications networks, enabling the transmission of high-speed data, voice, and video signals. Lenses, prisms, and mirrors are used in a variety of optical devices, including 9002 Lenses, prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, of any material, mounted, being parts of or fittings for instruments or apparatus, other than such elements of glass not optically worked, 9013 Liquid crystal devices not constituting articles provided for more specifically in other headings; lasers, other than laser diodes; other optical appliances and instruments, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter, and 9018 Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences, including scintigraphic apparatus, other electro-medical apparatus and sight-testing instruments.

Family tree for optical fibres and optical fibre bundles; optical fibre cables not of heading no. 8544; sheets, plates of polarising material; lenses, prisms, mirrors, of any material; unmounted; not non optical glass

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/90'>90: Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9001'>9001: Optical fibres and optical fibre bundles; optical fibre cables not of heading no. 8544; sheets, plates of polarising material; lenses, prisms, mirrors, of any material; unmounted; not non optical glass</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9002'>9002: Lenses, prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, of any material, mounted, being parts or fittings for instruments or apparatus, other than such elements of glass not optically worked</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9003'>9003: Frames and mountings; for spectacles, goggles or the like, and parts</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9004'>9004: Spectacles, goggles and the like; corrective, protective or other</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9005'>9005: Binoculars, monoculars, other optical telescopes, mountings therefore; other astronomical instruments, mountings therefore, but not including instruments for radio-astronomy</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9006'>9006: Cameras, photographic (excluding cinematographic); photographic flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs other than discharge lamps of heading no. 8539</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9007'>9007: Cinematographic cameras and projectors, whether or not incorporating sound recording or reproducing apparatus</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9008'>9008: Image projectors, other than cinematographic; photographic (other than cinematographic) enlargers and reducers</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9010'>9010: Photographic (including cinematographic) laboratory apparatus and equipment, n.e.c. in chapter 90; negatoscopes; projection screens</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9011'>9011: Microscopes, compound optical; including those for photomicrography, cinephotomicrography or microprojection</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9012'>9012: Microscopes (excluding optical microscopes); diffraction apparatus</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9013'>9013: Lasers, other than laser diodes; other optical appliances and instruments n.e.c. in this chapter</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9014'>9014: Navigational instruments and appliances; direction finding compasses</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9015'>9015: Surveying (including photogrammetrical surveying), hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, meteorological or geophysical instruments and appliances, excluding compasses, rangefinders</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9016'>9016: Balances; of a sensitivity of 5cg or better, with or without weights</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9017'>9017: Drawing, marking-out, mathematical calculating instruments (drafting machines, protractors, drawing sets etc); instruments for measuring length (e.g. measuring rods, tapes, micrometers, callipers) n.e.c.</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9018'>9018: Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences, including scintigraphic apparatus, other electro-medical apparatus and sight testing instruments</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9019'>9019: Mechano-therapy, massage appliances; psychological aptitude testing apparatus; ozone, oxygen, aerosol therapy, artificial respiration or other therapeutic respiration apparatus</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9020'>9020: Breathing appliances and gas masks; excluding protective masks having neither mechanical parts nor replaceable filters and excluding apparatus of item no. 9019.20</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9021'>9021: Orthopaedic appliances; including crutches, surgical belts and trusses; splints and other fracture appliances; artificial parts of the body; hearing aids and other which are worn, carried or implanted in the body to compensate for a defect or disability</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9022'>9022: Apparatus based on the use of x-rays or of alpha, beta, gamma or other ionising radiations, whether or not for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses, including radiography or radiotherapy apparatus, x-ray tubes and other x-ray generators, high tens</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9023'>9023: Instruments, apparatus and models, designed for demonstrational purposes (in education or exhibitions), unsuitable for other uses</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9024'>9024: Machines and appliances for testing the hardness, strength, compressibility, elasticity of other mechanical properties of materials (e.g. metals, wood, textiles, paper, plastics)</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9025'>9025: Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, thermometers, pyrometers, barometers, hygrometers and psychrometers, recording or not</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9026'>9026: Instruments, apparatus for measuring or checking the flow, level, pressure of liquids, gases (e.g. flow meters, heat meters etc), not instruments and apparatus of heading no. 9014, 9015, 9028 or 9032</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9027'>9027: Instruments and apparatus; for physical or chemical analysis (e.g. polarimeters, spectrometers), for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, etc, for measuring quantities of heat, sound or light</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9028'>9028: Gas, liquid or electricity supply or production meters, including calibrating meters therefor</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9029'>9029: Revolution counter, production counters, taximeters, mileometers, pedometers and the like, speed indicators and tachometers, other than those of heading no. 9015, stroboscopes</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9030'>9030: Instruments, apparatus for measuring, checking electrical quantities not meters of heading no. 9028; instruments, apparatus for measuring or detecting alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, cosmic and other radiations</a>"]
A --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9031'>9031: Measuring or checking instruments, appliances and machines, n.e.c. or included in this chapter; profile projectors</a>"]
A --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9032'>9032: Regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus; automatic type</a>"]
A --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/9033'>9033: Machines and appliances, instruments or apparatus of chapter 90; parts and accessories n.e.c. in chapter 90</a>"]

    B --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/900110'>900110: Optical fibres, optical fibre bundles and cables; excluding those of heading no. 8544</a>"]
B --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/900120'>900120: Optical elements; polarising material, sheets and plates thereof</a>"]
B --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/900130'>900130: Lenses, contact; unmounted, of any material, excluding elements of glass not optically worked</a>"]
B --> BK["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/900140'>900140: Lenses, spectacle; unmounted, of glass, excluding elements of glass not optically worked</a>"]
B --> BL["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/900150'>900150: Lenses, spectacle; unmounted, of materials other than glass</a>"]
B --> BM["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/900190'>900190: Optical elements; lenses n.e.c. in heading no. 9001, prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, unmounted, of any material (excluding elements of glass not optically worked)</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level4
class BF level4
class BG level4
class BH level6
class BI level6
class BJ level6
class BK level6
class BL level6
class BM level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight