Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated
HS v2022 Code: 4402
About wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated
HS code 4402 covers the production and trade of wood charcoal, a versatile and widely used product in various industries. Charcoal, made by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of oxygen, is an essential commodity with applications ranging from fuel and energy generation to industrial processes and household uses. This industry plays a significant role in the global economy, meeting the demand for a reliable and efficient energy source, as well as providing a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
Production process
The production of wood charcoal typically involves a process called pyrolysis, where wood or other organic materials are heated in a low-oxygen environment. This process drives off the volatile components, leaving behind a porous, carbon-rich material known as charcoal. The specific techniques used can vary, but often involve the use of specialized kilns or retorts to carefully control the temperature and airflow during the carbonization process. The resulting charcoal may then be further processed, such as by crushing or agglomerating, to meet the specific requirements of different applications.
Production inputs
The primary input for the production of wood charcoal is, of course, wood or other organic materials. This can include a variety of sources, such as hardwood logs, softwood chips, agricultural waste, or even coconut shells. In addition to the raw materials, the production process requires specialized equipment, such as kilns, retorts, and processing machinery. Energy sources, such as electricity or fuel, are also necessary to power the carbonization and post-processing steps.
Production outputs
The main output of the wood charcoal industry is, naturally, wood charcoal itself. This product can be used as a fuel source, particularly in 4401 Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms; wood in chips or particles; sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms industries. It can also be used in 3802 Activated carbon; activated natural mineral products; animal black, including spent animal black for various industrial and household applications, such as water filtration, air purification, and barbecue grilling. Additionally, the by-products of the charcoal production process, such as wood vinegar and tar, may have further industrial uses.
Family tree for wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/44'>44: Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4402'>4402: Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4401'>4401: Fuel wood, in logs, billets, twigs, faggots or similar forms; wood in chip or particles; sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4403'>4403: Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4404'>4404: Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets, stakes of wood, pointed, not sawn lengthwise; wooden sticks, roughly trimmed, not turned, bent, etc., suitable for walking sticks, umbrellas, tool handles, etc.</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4405'>4405: Wood wool; wood flour</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4406'>4406: Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4407'>4407: Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4408'>4408: Sheets for veneering (including those obtained by slicing laminated wood), for plywood or for similar laminated wood and other wood, sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, planed or not, sanded, spliced or end-jointed, of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4409'>4409: Wood (including strips, friezes for parquet flooring, not assembled), continuously shaped (tongued, grooved, v-jointed, beaded or the like) along any edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4410'>4410: Particle board, oriented strand board (OSB) and similar board (e.g. waferboard) of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4411'>4411: Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not bonded with resins or other organic substances</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4412'>4412: Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4413'>4413: Densified wood, in blocks, plates, strips or profile shapes</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4414'>4414: Wooden frames; for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4415'>4415: Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood; cable-drums of wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood; pallet collars of wood</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4416'>4416: Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof, of wood, including staves</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4417'>4417: Tools, tool bodies, tool handles, broom or brush bodies and handles, of wood; boot or shoe lasts and trees, of wood</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4418'>4418: Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4419'>4419: Tableware and kitchenware, of wood</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4420'>4420: Wood marquetry and inlaid wood; caskets and cases for jewellery or cutlery, and similar articles of wood; statuettes and other ornaments of wood; wooden articles of furniture not falling in chapter 94</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/4421'>4421: Wooden articles n.e.c. in heading no. 4414 to 4420</a>"]
B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/440210'>440210: Wood; charcoal of bamboo, whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
B --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/440220'>440220: Wood; charcoal of nut or shell, whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
B --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/440290'>440290: Wood; charcoal of wood other than bamboo, nut or shell, whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
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classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
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%% Apply classes
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class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level6
class X level6
class Y level6
class B highlight
%% class A level1
%% class B,C level2
%% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
%% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
%% class B highlight