Lyes, residual; from the manufacture of wood pulp, whether or not concentrated, desugared or chemically treated, including lignin sulphonates but excluding tall oil of heading no. 3803

HS code 380400 covers a diverse range of chemical byproducts and residues generated during the production of wood pulp. These lyes, or alkaline solutions, are an essential part of the pulp and paper industry, playing a crucial role in the overall efficiency and sustainability of the manufacturing process. As a key intermediate product, 380400 materials find applications across various industries, contributing to the broader economic landscape.

The production of 380400 lyes typically involves the chemical treatment of wood pulp during the pulping process. This can include techniques such as kraft pulping, where wood chips are cooked in a solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, or sulfite pulping, where wood is cooked in a solution of calcium, magnesium, or sodium bisulfite. The resulting lyes, which contain lignin, hemicellulose, and other organic compounds, are then further processed, concentrated, or chemically treated to meet the specific requirements of various end-users.

The primary inputs for the 380400 industry are the raw materials used in the production of wood pulp, such as various types of wood, as well as the chemicals and energy required for the pulping and lye processing operations. Specialized equipment, such as digesters, evaporators, and recovery boilers, are also essential for the efficient production and handling of these lyes.

The main outputs of the 380400 industry are the lyes, residuals, and byproducts derived from the wood pulp manufacturing process. These materials can be used as fuel, as a source of chemicals, or as inputs for other industries. For example, 380130 Tall oil, crude and 380190 Tall oil, other than crude are closely related products that may be produced alongside or derived from 380400 lyes. Additionally, the 380400 lyes can be further processed and used in the production of 280520 Alkali metals; calcium or 281512 (Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); in aqueous solution (soda lye)).