Pigments, prepared; opacifiers, colours, vitrifiable enamels, glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres etc as used in the ceramic enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and powder, granules or flakes

HS v2022 Code: 3207

About pigments, prepared; opacifiers, colours, vitrifiable enamels, glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres etc as used in the ceramic enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and powder, granules or flakes

HS code 3207 covers a diverse range of products used extensively in the ceramic, enamel, and glass industries. These materials play a crucial role in imparting color, opacity, and specialized finishes to a wide variety of products, from decorative tiles and tableware to architectural glass and specialty coatings. As a key component in the manufacturing of many everyday items, the 3207 industry is an integral part of the broader economy, supporting downstream sectors and contributing to the production of high-quality, visually appealing goods.

Production process

The production of 3207 materials involves a range of techniques, including milling, blending, and specialized firing or melting processes. Pigments, for example, are often produced by grinding and mixing mineral or synthetic compounds, while vitrifiable enamels and glazes are formulated through the careful combination of various metal oxides and other raw materials, which are then melted and fused to create the desired properties. The glass frit and powder covered under this code are typically manufactured by melting and quenching glass compositions to produce a fine, granular material.

Production inputs

The 3207 industry relies on a diverse array of raw materials, including mineral pigments, metal oxides, silica, and various other inorganic compounds. Specialized machinery, such as mills, mixers, and high-temperature furnaces, is also essential for the production of these materials. Additionally, the industry may require skilled labor to formulate, process, and quality-control the final products.

Production outputs

The outputs of the 3207 industry are used extensively in the ceramic, enamel, and glass manufacturing sectors. The pigments, opacifiers, and vitrifiable enamels are incorporated into a wide range of products, including 6907 Ceramic tiles and flags, 6911 Tableware, kitchenware, other household and toilet articles, of ceramics, and 7013 (Glassware of a kind used for table, kitchen, toilet, office, indoor decoration or similar purposes (other than that of heading 7010 or 7018)). The glass frit and powder may also be used in the production of 7003 Cast glass and rolled glass, in sheets or profiles, whether or not having an absorbent, reflecting or non-reflecting layer, but not otherwise worked, 7004 Drawn glass and blown glass, in sheets, whether or not having an absorbent, reflecting or non-reflecting layer, but not otherwise worked, and other specialized glass products.

Family tree for pigments, prepared; opacifiers, colours, vitrifiable enamels, glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres etc as used in the ceramic enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and powder, granules or flakes

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/32'>32: Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; paints, varnishes; putty, other mastics; inks</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3207'>3207: Pigments, prepared; opacifiers, colours, vitrifiable enamels, glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres etc as used in the ceramic enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and powder, granules or flakes</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3201'>3201: Tanning extracts of vegetable origin; tannins and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3202'>3202: Tanning substances; synthetic organic or inorganic tanning substances; tanning preparations, whether or not containing natural tanning substances, enzymatic preparations for pre-tanning</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3203'>3203: Colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin (including dyeing extracts, not animal black); whether or not chemically defined; preparations based on colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3204'>3204: Synthetic organic colouring matter and preparations based thereon; synthetic organic products used as fluorescent brightening agents or as luminophores; whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3205'>3205: Colour lakes; preparations based on colour lakes as specified in note 3 to this chapter</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3206'>3206: Colouring matter and preparations thereof n.e.c. in heading no. 3203, 3204, 3205; inorganic products, kind used as luminophores whether or not chemically defined</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3208'>3208: Paints, varnishes; (enamels and lacquers) based on synthetic polymers or chemically modified natural polymers, dispersed or dissolved in a non-aqueous medium</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3209'>3209: Paints and varnishes (including enamels and lacquers) based on synthetic or chemically modified natural polymers, dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3210'>3210: Paints and varnishes (including enamels, lacquers and distempers), excluding those of heading no. 3209, prepared water pigments of a kind used for finishing leather</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3211'>3211: Driers; prepared</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3212'>3212: Pigments (metallic powders and flakes) dispersed in non-aqueous media in liquid or paste form, as used in manufacture of paints (including enamels); stamping foils, dyes etc in forms, packing for retail sale</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3213'>3213: Colours; artists, students, or signboard painters, modifying tints, amusement colours and the like; in tablets, tubes, jars, bottles, pan or in similar forms or packings</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3214'>3214: Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics; painters' fillings; non-refractory surfacing preparations for facades, indoor walls, floors, ceilings or the like</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/3215'>3215: Ink; printing, writing or drawing ink and other inks; whether or not concentrated or solid</a>"]

    B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/320710'>320710: Pigments; prepared pigments, opacifiers, colours and similar preparations</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/320720'>320720: Enamels and glazes; vitrifiable enamels and glazes, engobes (slips) and similar preparations</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/320730'>320730: Lustres; liquid lustres and similar preparations</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/320740'>320740: Glass; glass frit and other glass, in the form of powder, granules or flakes</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight