Fertilizers

HS code 31 covers a wide range of fertilizer products, which are essential inputs for the agricultural industry. Fertilizers play a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility, improving crop yields, and supporting global food production. This industry is a vital component of the broader economy, as it provides the necessary nutrients and minerals to sustain agricultural activities across various sectors.

The production of fertilizers typically involves several key steps. Manufacturers often start by extracting and processing raw materials, such as 2701 Coal, 2814 Ammonia, or 2515 Phosphate rock. These materials are then subjected to various chemical processes, such as oxidation, reduction, or neutralization, to create the desired fertilizer compounds. The final products are then packaged and distributed to agricultural producers and other consumers.

The fertilizer industry relies on a range of inputs, including raw materials, energy sources, and specialized equipment. In addition to the primary raw materials mentioned, the industry also requires significant amounts of 2711 Natural gas, 2701 Coal, and 2804 Hydrogen for the production processes. Specialized machinery, such as reactors, granulators, and packaging equipment, is also essential for the efficient and large-scale manufacture of fertilizers.

The main outputs of the fertilizer industry are a diverse range of products, including 3102 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous, 3103 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, phosphatic, and 3104 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, potassic. These fertilizers are then consumed by various agricultural sectors, such as 0101 Live horses, asses, mules and hinnies, 0102 Live bovine animals, and 0103 Live swine, as well as 0104 Live sheep and goats and 0105 Live poultry.