Copper ores and concentrates
HS v2022 Code: 2603
About copper ores and concentrates
HS code 2603 covers copper ores and concentrates, a critical raw material for the global copper industry. Copper is an essential metal used in a wide range of applications, including electrical wiring, plumbing, construction, and manufacturing. The copper mining and processing industry plays a vital role in the broader economy, providing the necessary inputs for numerous downstream industries.
Production process
The production of copper ores and concentrates typically involves a series of mining and processing steps. Copper ore is first extracted from the earth through open-pit or underground mining techniques. The extracted ore is then crushed, ground, and subjected to various beneficiation processes, such as flotation, to separate the copper-bearing minerals from the waste rock. The resulting copper concentrate is then further processed, often through smelting and refining, to produce pure copper metal.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the copper ore and concentrate industry include mining equipment, such as excavators, trucks, and crushers, as well as energy sources, such as electricity and fuel, to power the mining and processing operations. Additionally, the industry relies on a skilled workforce, including geologists, mining engineers, and processing technicians, to extract and process the copper-bearing ores.
Production outputs
The primary output of the copper ore and concentrate industry is copper concentrate, which is then consumed by the 2620 Copper smelting and refining industry to produce pure copper metal. Copper metal is a versatile material used in a wide range of applications, including 8544 Insulated wire, cable and other insulated electric conductors, 7411 Copper tubes and pipes, and 7407 Copper bars, rods and profiles.
Family tree for copper ores and concentrates
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/26'>26: Ores, slag and ash</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2603'>2603: Copper ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2601'>2601: Iron ores and concentrates; including roasted iron pyrites</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2602'>2602: Manganese ores and concentrates, including ferruginous manganese ores and concentrates with a manganese content of 20% or more, calculated on the dry weight</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2604'>2604: Nickel ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2605'>2605: Cobalt ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2606'>2606: Aluminium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2607'>2607: Lead ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2608'>2608: Zinc ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2609'>2609: Tin ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2610'>2610: Chromium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2611'>2611: Tungsten ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2612'>2612: Uranium or thorium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2613'>2613: Molybdenum ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2614'>2614: Titanium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2615'>2615: Niobium, tantalum, vanadium or zirconium ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2616'>2616: Precious metal ores and concentrates</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2617'>2617: Ores and concentrates; n.e.c. in heading no. 2601</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2618'>2618: Granulated slag (slag sand) from the manufacture of iron or steel</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2619'>2619: Slag, dross; (other than granulated slag), scalings and other waste from the manufacture of iron or steel</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2620'>2620: Slag, ash and residues; (not from the manufacture of iron or steel) containing metals, arsenic or their compounds</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2621'>2621: Slag and ash n.e.c. in chapter 26; including seaweed ash (kelp) and ash and residues from the incineration of municipal waste</a>"]
B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/260300'>260300: Copper ores and concentrates</a>"]
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