Limestone flux; limestone and other calcareous stone, of a kind used for the manufacture of lime or cement

HS v2022 Code: 2521

About limestone flux; limestone and other calcareous stone, of a kind used for the manufacture of lime or cement

HS code 2521 covers a crucial group of materials used in the production of lime and cement, two essential components of the construction industry. Limestone and other calcareous stones classified under this code are mined and processed to serve as flux, a substance that aids in the smelting and refining of metals, as well as a key raw material for the manufacture of lime and cement. The importance of this industry cannot be overstated, as lime and cement are indispensable for the construction of buildings, infrastructure, and a wide range of other applications that underpin economic development and growth.

Production process

The production of limestone flux and other calcareous stones for the manufacture of lime and cement typically involves mining, crushing, and processing the raw materials. Limestone and other calcareous rocks are extracted from quarries or mines, then crushed and screened to the desired particle size. Depending on the intended use, the processed material may undergo further treatment, such as calcination (heating to high temperatures) to produce lime, or grinding and blending to create cement.

Production inputs

The primary inputs for this industry are the raw limestone and other calcareous stones found in natural deposits. In addition to the raw materials, the production process requires specialized mining and processing equipment, such as crushers, grinders, and kilns. Energy sources, such as electricity or fossil fuels, are also necessary to power the various stages of production.

Production outputs

The main outputs of this industry are limestone flux, lime, and cement. Limestone flux is used in the smelting and refining of metals, as it helps to remove impurities. The processed limestone is also a key ingredient in the production of 2522 Quicklime, slaked lime and hydraulic lime and 2523 Portland cement, aluminous cement, slag cement, supersulfate cement and similar hydraulic cements, which are widely used in the construction industry.

Family tree for limestone flux; limestone and other calcareous stone, of a kind used for the manufacture of lime or cement

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/25'>25: Salt; sulphur; earths, stone; plastering materials, lime and cement</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2521'>2521: Limestone flux; limestone and other calcareous stone, of a kind used for the manufacture of lime or cement</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2501'>2501: Salt (including table salt and denatured salt); pure sodium chloride whether or not in aqueous solution; sea water</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2502'>2502: Iron pyrites; unroasted</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2503'>2503: Sulphur of all kinds; other than sublimed, precipitated and colloidal sulphur</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2504'>2504: Graphite; natural</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2505'>2505: Sands of all kinds; natural, whether or not coloured, other than metal-bearing sands of chapter 26</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2506'>2506: Quartz; (other than natural sands), quartzite, whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2507'>2507: Kaolin and other kaolinic clays; whether or not calcined</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2508'>2508: Clays; (not including expanded clays of heading no. 6806), andalusite kyanite and sillimanite, whether or not calcined; mullite; chamotte or dinas earth</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2509'>2509: Chalk</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2510'>2510: Natural calcium phosphates; natural aluminium calcium phosphates and phosphatic chalk</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2511'>2511: Natural barium sulphate (barytes); natural barium carbonate, (witherite) whether or not calcined, other than barium oxide of heading no. 2816</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2512'>2512: Siliceous fossil meals (e.g. kieselguhr, tripolite and diatomite) and similar siliceous earths; whether or not calcined, of an apparent specific gravity of 1 or less</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2513'>2513: Pumice stone; emery; natural corundum, natural garnet and other natural abrasives, whether or not heat treated</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2514'>2514: Slate, whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2515'>2515: Marble, travertine, ecaussine and other calcareous stone; of an apparent specific gravity of less than 2.5, alabaster, whether cut by sawing etc, into blocks, slabs of a rectangular (square) shape</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2516'>2516: Granite, porphyry, basalt, sandstone, other monumental and building stone, whether or not roughly trimmed, cut, by sawing etc, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2517'>2517: Pebbles, gravel, crushed stone for concrete aggregates for road or railway ballast, shingle or flint; macadam of slag, dross etc tarred granules, chippings, powder of stones of heading no. 2515 and 2516</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2518'>2518: Dolomite, whether or not calcined or sintered, including dolomite roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2519'>2519: Natural magnesium carbonate (magnesite); fused magnesia; dead-burned (sintered) magnesia, whether or not containing small quantities of other oxides added before sintering; magnesium oxide, pure or not</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2520'>2520: Gypsum; anhydrite; plasters (consisting of calcined gypsum or calcium sulphate), coloured or not, with or without small quantities of accelerators or retarders</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2522'>2522: Quicklime, slaked lime and hydraulic lime; other than calcium oxide and hydroxide of heading no. 2825</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2523'>2523: Portland cement, aluminous cement (ciment fondu), slag cement, supersulphate cement and similar hydraulic cements, whether or not coloured or in the form of clinkers</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2524'>2524: Asbestos</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2525'>2525: Mica, including splittings; mica waste</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2526'>2526: Natural steatite; whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape; talc</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2528'>2528: Natural borates and concentrates thereof (whether or not calcined), but not including borates separated from natural brine; natural boric acid containing not more than 85 % of H3BO3 calculated on the dry weight</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2529'>2529: Feldspar; leucite; nepheline and nepheline syenite; fluorspar</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/2530'>2530: Mineral substances not elsewhere specified or included</a>"]

    B --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2022/252100'>252100: Limestone flux; limestone and other calcareous stone, of a kind used for the manufacture of lime or cement</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight