Carbon electrodes, carbon brushes, lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon; with or without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes
HS v2017 Code: 8545
About carbon electrodes, carbon brushes, lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon; with or without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes
hs code 8545 covers a diverse range of carbon-based products that are essential for various electrical applications. These items, which include carbon electrodes, brushes, lamp carbons, and battery carbons, play a crucial role in powering and enabling a wide array of electrical devices and systems. As the global demand for reliable and efficient electrical infrastructure continues to grow, the importance of this industry within the broader economy cannot be overstated.
Production process
The production of the articles covered under hs code 8545 typically involves a combination of specialized manufacturing processes. Carbon electrodes, for instance, are often produced through the molding and baking of a mixture of petroleum coke and coal tar pitch. Carbon brushes, on the other hand, may be manufactured by compressing and sintering a blend of carbon and metal powders. Lamp carbons and battery carbons are frequently produced through the extrusion and carbonization of organic precursors, such as cellulose or synthetic resins.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the production of the articles under hs code 8545 include raw materials such as petroleum coke, coal tar pitch, carbon and metal powders, and various organic precursors. Additionally, specialized manufacturing equipment, such as molding machines, sintering furnaces, and extrusion systems, are essential for the production of these carbon-based products. The availability and quality of these raw materials and production technologies can significantly impact the overall competitiveness of this industry.
Production outputs
The articles covered under hs code 8545 are primarily used in a wide range of electrical applications, including 8501 Electric motors and generators, 8504 Electrical transformers, static converters and inductors, 8505 Electromagnets; permanent magnets and articles intended to become permanent magnets after magnetization, and 8511 Electrical ignition or starting equipment of a kind used for spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion engines. These carbon-based products are essential components that enable the efficient functioning of various electrical devices and systems, making them a crucial part of the broader electrical and electronics industry.
Family tree for carbon electrodes, carbon brushes, lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon; with or without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/85'>85: Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, parts and accessories of such articles</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8545'>8545: Carbon electrodes, carbon brushes, lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon; with or without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8501'>8501: Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets)</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8502'>8502: Electric generating sets and rotary converters</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8503'>8503: Electric motors and generators; parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machines of heading no. 8501 or 8502</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8504'>8504: Electric transformers, static converters (e.g. rectifiers) and inductors</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8505'>8505: Electro-magnets; permanent magnets, intended permanent magnets; electro-magnetic, permanent magnet chucks, clamps, similar; electromagnetic couplings, clutches, brakes; electro-magnetic lifting heads</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8506'>8506: Cells and batteries; primary</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8507'>8507: Electric accumulators, including separators therefor; whether or not rectangular (including square)</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8508'>8508: Vacuum cleaners</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8509'>8509: Electro-mechanical domestic appliances; with self-contained electric motor, other than vacuum cleaners of heading 85.08.</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8510'>8510: Shavers, hair clippers and hair removing appliances, with self-contained electric motor</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8511'>8511: Ignition or starting equipment; used for spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion engines; generators and cut outs used in conjunction with such engines</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8512'>8512: Lighting or visual signalling equipment (excluding articles of heading no. 8539), windscreen wipers, defrosters and demisters; electrical, of a kind used for cycles or motor vehicles</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8513'>8513: Lamps; portable, electric, designed to function by their own source of energy (e.g. dry batteries, accumulators, magnetos), excluding lighting equipment of heading no. 8512</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8514'>8514: Industrial or laboratory electric furnaces and ovens (including those functioning by induction or dielectric loss); other industrial or laboratory equipment for the heat treatment of materials by induction or dielectric loss</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8515'>8515: Electric (electrically heated gas) soldering, brazing, welding machines and apparatus, capable or not of cutting, electric machines and apparatus for hot spraying of metals or sintered carbides</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8516'>8516: Electric water, space, soil heaters; electro-thermic hair-dressing apparatus; hand dryers, irons; electro-thermic appliances for domestic purposes; electro heating resistors, not of heading no. 8545</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8517'>8517: Telephone sets, including telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data (including wired/wireless networks), excluding items of 8443, 8525, 8527, or 8528</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8518'>8518: Microphones and their stands; loudspeakers, mounted or not in their enclosures; headphones and earphones, combined or not with a microphone, and sets of a microphone and one or more loudspeakers; audio frequency and electric sound amplifiers and sets</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8519'>8519: Sound recording or reproducing apparatus</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8521'>8521: Video recording or reproducing apparatus</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8522'>8522: Sound or video recording apparatus; parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading 8519 or 8521</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8523'>8523: Discs, tapes, solid-state non-volatile storage devices, smart cards and other media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena, whether or not recorded, including matrices and masters for the production of discs, excluding products of Chapter 37</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8525'>8525: Transmission apparatus for radio-broadcasting or television, whether or not incorporating reception apparatus or sound recording or reproducing apparatus; television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8526'>8526: Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and radio remote control apparatus</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8527'>8527: Reception apparatus for radio-broadcasting, whether or not combined, in the same housing, with sound recording or reproducing apparatus or a clock.</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8528'>8528: Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus; reception apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8529'>8529: Transmission apparatus; parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading no. 8525 to 8528</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8530'>8530: Signalling, safety or traffic control equipment; for railways, tramways, roads, inland waterways, parking facilities, port installations, airfields, excluding those of heading no. 8608</a>"]
A --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8531'>8531: Signalling apparatus; electric sound or visual (e.g. bells, sirens, indicator panels, burglar or fire alarms), excluding those of heading no. 8512 or 8530</a>"]
A --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8532'>8532: Electrical capacitors; fixed, variable or adjustable (pre-set)</a>"]
A --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8533'>8533: Electrical resistors (including rheostats and potentiometers), excluding heating resistors</a>"]
A --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8534'>8534: Circuits; printed</a>"]
A --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8535'>8535: Electrical apparatus for switching, protecting electrical circuits, for making connections to or in electrical circuits; for a voltage exceeding 1000 volts</a>"]
A --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8536'>8536: Electrical apparatus for switching, protecting electrical circuits, for making connections to or in electrical circuits, for a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts; connectors for optical fibres, optical fibre bundles or cables</a>"]
A --> BK["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8537'>8537: Boards, panels, consoles, desks, cabinets, bases with apparatus of heading no. 8535, 8536 for electricity control and distribution, (other than switching apparatus of heading no. 8517)</a>"]
A --> BL["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8538'>8538: Electrical apparatus; parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading no. 8535, 8536 and 8537</a>"]
A --> BM["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8539'>8539: Lamps; electric filament or discharge lamps, including sealed beam lamp units and ultra-violet or infra-red lamps, arc lamps, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps</a>"]
A --> BN["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8540'>8540: Thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (e.g. vacuum, vapour, gas filled valves and tubes, mercury arc rectifying valves and tubes, cathode-ray and television camera tubes)</a>"]
A --> BO["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8541'>8541: Diodes, transistors, similar semiconductor devices; including photovoltaic cells assembled or not in modules or panels, light-emitting diodes (LED), mounted piezo-electric crystals</a>"]
A --> BP["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8542'>8542: Electronic integrated circuits</a>"]
A --> BQ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8543'>8543: Electrical machines and apparatus; having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter</a>"]
A --> BR["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8544'>8544: Insulated wire, cable and other electric conductors, connector fitted or not; optical fibre cables of individually sheathed fibres, whether or not assembled with electric conductors or fitted with connectors</a>"]
A --> BS["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8546'>8546: Electrical insulators of any material</a>"]
A --> BT["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8547'>8547: Insulating fittings; for electrical machines, appliances, equipment, excluding insulators of heading no. 8546, electrical conduit tubing and joints therefore</a>"]
A --> BU["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8548'>8548: Waste and scrap of primary cells, primary batteries and electric accumulators; spent primary cells, spent primary batteries and spent electric accumulators; electrical parts of machinery or apparatus, n.e.c. or included elsewhere in chapter 85</a>"]
B --> BV["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854511'>854511: Carbon electrodes; with or without metal, of a kind used for furnaces</a>"]
B --> BW["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854519'>854519: Carbon electrodes; with or without metal, of a kind used for other than furnaces</a>"]
B --> BX["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854520'>854520: Carbon brushes; with or without metal, used for electrical purposes</a>"]
B --> BY["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854590'>854590: Carbon; lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon, with or without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes</a>"]
%% Color coordination by level
classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px
%% Apply classes
class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level4
class BF level4
class BG level4
class BH level4
class BI level4
class BJ level4
class BK level4
class BL level4
class BM level4
class BN level4
class BO level4
class BP level4
class BQ level4
class BR level4
class BS level4
class BT level4
class BU level4
class BV level6
class BW level6
class BX level6
class BY level6
class B highlight
%% class A level1
%% class B,C level2
%% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
%% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
%% class B highlight