Thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (e.g. vacuum, vapour, gas filled valves and tubes, mercury arc rectifying valves and tubes, cathode-ray and television camera tubes)
HS v2017 Code: 8540
About thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (e.g. vacuum, vapour, gas filled valves and tubes, mercury arc rectifying valves and tubes, cathode-ray and television camera tubes)
hs code 8540 covers a diverse range of electronic components known as thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes. These devices play a crucial role in various electronic applications, from power conversion and amplification to imaging and display technologies. As a key component in many industrial and consumer electronics, the 8540 industry is integral to the broader electronics and electrical equipment sectors, contributing significantly to the global economy.
Production process
The production of hs code 8540 items typically involves a multi-step manufacturing process. This includes the fabrication of the vacuum or gas-filled envelope, the installation of the cathode, anode, and other electrodes, and the precise alignment and sealing of the components. Advanced techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, and precision machining are often employed to ensure the high-quality and reliability of these specialized electronic components.
Production inputs
The main inputs required for the production of hs code 8540 items include various metals and alloys for the electrodes and structural components, as well as specialized glass or ceramic materials for the envelope. Additionally, the industry relies on advanced manufacturing equipment, such as vacuum chambers, precision welding tools, and automated assembly lines. Skilled technicians and engineers are also a critical input, responsible for the design, development, and quality control of these sophisticated electronic components.
Production outputs
The primary outputs of the hs code 8540 industry are the diverse range of thermionic, cold cathode, and photo-cathode valves and tubes. These components are then consumed by a variety of other industries, including 8525 Television, radio, and similar apparatus for use in television and radio equipment, 8504 (Electrical transformers, static converters (e.g. rectifiers) and inductors) for power conversion and control applications, and 9006 (Photographic (other than cinematographic) cameras; photographic flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs other than discharge lamps of heading 8539) for specialized imaging and camera technologies.
Family tree for thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (e.g. vacuum, vapour, gas filled valves and tubes, mercury arc rectifying valves and tubes, cathode-ray and television camera tubes)
graph LR
A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/85'>85: Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, parts and accessories of such articles</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8540'>8540: Thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (e.g. vacuum, vapour, gas filled valves and tubes, mercury arc rectifying valves and tubes, cathode-ray and television camera tubes)</a>"]
A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8501'>8501: Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets)</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8502'>8502: Electric generating sets and rotary converters</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8503'>8503: Electric motors and generators; parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machines of heading no. 8501 or 8502</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8504'>8504: Electric transformers, static converters (e.g. rectifiers) and inductors</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8505'>8505: Electro-magnets; permanent magnets, intended permanent magnets; electro-magnetic, permanent magnet chucks, clamps, similar; electromagnetic couplings, clutches, brakes; electro-magnetic lifting heads</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8506'>8506: Cells and batteries; primary</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8507'>8507: Electric accumulators, including separators therefor; whether or not rectangular (including square)</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8508'>8508: Vacuum cleaners</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8509'>8509: Electro-mechanical domestic appliances; with self-contained electric motor, other than vacuum cleaners of heading 85.08.</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8510'>8510: Shavers, hair clippers and hair removing appliances, with self-contained electric motor</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8511'>8511: Ignition or starting equipment; used for spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion engines; generators and cut outs used in conjunction with such engines</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8512'>8512: Lighting or visual signalling equipment (excluding articles of heading no. 8539), windscreen wipers, defrosters and demisters; electrical, of a kind used for cycles or motor vehicles</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8513'>8513: Lamps; portable, electric, designed to function by their own source of energy (e.g. dry batteries, accumulators, magnetos), excluding lighting equipment of heading no. 8512</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8514'>8514: Industrial or laboratory electric furnaces and ovens (including those functioning by induction or dielectric loss); other industrial or laboratory equipment for the heat treatment of materials by induction or dielectric loss</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8515'>8515: Electric (electrically heated gas) soldering, brazing, welding machines and apparatus, capable or not of cutting, electric machines and apparatus for hot spraying of metals or sintered carbides</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8516'>8516: Electric water, space, soil heaters; electro-thermic hair-dressing apparatus; hand dryers, irons; electro-thermic appliances for domestic purposes; electro heating resistors, not of heading no. 8545</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8517'>8517: Telephone sets, including telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data (including wired/wireless networks), excluding items of 8443, 8525, 8527, or 8528</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8518'>8518: Microphones and their stands; loudspeakers, mounted or not in their enclosures; headphones and earphones, combined or not with a microphone, and sets of a microphone and one or more loudspeakers; audio frequency and electric sound amplifiers and sets</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8519'>8519: Sound recording or reproducing apparatus</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8521'>8521: Video recording or reproducing apparatus</a>"]
A --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8522'>8522: Sound or video recording apparatus; parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading 8519 or 8521</a>"]
A --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8523'>8523: Discs, tapes, solid-state non-volatile storage devices, smart cards and other media for the recording of sound or of other phenomena, whether or not recorded, including matrices and masters for the production of discs, excluding products of Chapter 37</a>"]
A --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8525'>8525: Transmission apparatus for radio-broadcasting or television, whether or not incorporating reception apparatus or sound recording or reproducing apparatus; television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders</a>"]
A --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8526'>8526: Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and radio remote control apparatus</a>"]
A --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8527'>8527: Reception apparatus for radio-broadcasting, whether or not combined, in the same housing, with sound recording or reproducing apparatus or a clock.</a>"]
A --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8528'>8528: Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus; reception apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus</a>"]
A --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8529'>8529: Transmission apparatus; parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading no. 8525 to 8528</a>"]
A --> BD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8530'>8530: Signalling, safety or traffic control equipment; for railways, tramways, roads, inland waterways, parking facilities, port installations, airfields, excluding those of heading no. 8608</a>"]
A --> BE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8531'>8531: Signalling apparatus; electric sound or visual (e.g. bells, sirens, indicator panels, burglar or fire alarms), excluding those of heading no. 8512 or 8530</a>"]
A --> BF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8532'>8532: Electrical capacitors; fixed, variable or adjustable (pre-set)</a>"]
A --> BG["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8533'>8533: Electrical resistors (including rheostats and potentiometers), excluding heating resistors</a>"]
A --> BH["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8534'>8534: Circuits; printed</a>"]
A --> BI["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8535'>8535: Electrical apparatus for switching, protecting electrical circuits, for making connections to or in electrical circuits; for a voltage exceeding 1000 volts</a>"]
A --> BJ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8536'>8536: Electrical apparatus for switching, protecting electrical circuits, for making connections to or in electrical circuits, for a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts; connectors for optical fibres, optical fibre bundles or cables</a>"]
A --> BK["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8537'>8537: Boards, panels, consoles, desks, cabinets, bases with apparatus of heading no. 8535, 8536 for electricity control and distribution, (other than switching apparatus of heading no. 8517)</a>"]
A --> BL["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8538'>8538: Electrical apparatus; parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading no. 8535, 8536 and 8537</a>"]
A --> BM["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8539'>8539: Lamps; electric filament or discharge lamps, including sealed beam lamp units and ultra-violet or infra-red lamps, arc lamps, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps</a>"]
A --> BN["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8541'>8541: Diodes, transistors, similar semiconductor devices; including photovoltaic cells assembled or not in modules or panels, light-emitting diodes (LED), mounted piezo-electric crystals</a>"]
A --> BO["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8542'>8542: Electronic integrated circuits</a>"]
A --> BP["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8543'>8543: Electrical machines and apparatus; having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter</a>"]
A --> BQ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8544'>8544: Insulated wire, cable and other electric conductors, connector fitted or not; optical fibre cables of individually sheathed fibres, whether or not assembled with electric conductors or fitted with connectors</a>"]
A --> BR["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8545'>8545: Carbon electrodes, carbon brushes, lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon; with or without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes</a>"]
A --> BS["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8546'>8546: Electrical insulators of any material</a>"]
A --> BT["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8547'>8547: Insulating fittings; for electrical machines, appliances, equipment, excluding insulators of heading no. 8546, electrical conduit tubing and joints therefore</a>"]
A --> BU["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/8548'>8548: Waste and scrap of primary cells, primary batteries and electric accumulators; spent primary cells, spent primary batteries and spent electric accumulators; electrical parts of machinery or apparatus, n.e.c. or included elsewhere in chapter 85</a>"]
B --> BV["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854011'>854011: Tubes; cathode-ray television picture tubes, including video monitor cathode-ray tubes, colour</a>"]
B --> BW["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854012'>854012: Tubes; cathode-ray television picture tubes, including video monitor cathode-ray tubes, monochrome</a>"]
B --> BX["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854020'>854020: Tubes; television camera tubes, image converters and intensifiers, other photo-cathode tubes</a>"]
B --> BY["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854040'>854040: Tubes; data/graphic display tubes, monochrome; data/graphic display tubes, colour, with a phosphor dot screen pitch smaller than 0.4mm</a>"]
B --> BZ["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854060'>854060: Tubes; cathode ray, n.e.c. in heading no. 8540</a>"]
B --> CA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854071'>854071: Tubes; microwave, magnetrons, excluding grid-controlled tubes</a>"]
B --> CB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854079'>854079: Tubes; microwave (for example klystrons, travelling wave tubes, carlinotrons), excluding magnetrons and grid-controlled tubes</a>"]
B --> CC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854081'>854081: Valves and tubes; receiver or amplifier</a>"]
B --> CD["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854089'>854089: Valves and tubes; n.e.c. in heading no. 8540</a>"]
B --> CE["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854091'>854091: Tubes; parts of cathode-ray tubes</a>"]
B --> CF["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/854099'>854099: Valves and tubes; parts of the valves and tubes of heading no. 8540, excluding parts of cathode-ray tubes</a>"]
%% Color coordination by level
classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px
%% Apply classes
class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level4
class X level4
class Y level4
class Z level4
class BA level4
class BB level4
class BC level4
class BD level4
class BE level4
class BF level4
class BG level4
class BH level4
class BI level4
class BJ level4
class BK level4
class BL level4
class BM level4
class BN level4
class BO level4
class BP level4
class BQ level4
class BR level4
class BS level4
class BT level4
class BU level4
class BV level6
class BW level6
class BX level6
class BY level6
class BZ level6
class CA level6
class CB level6
class CC level6
class CD level6
class CE level6
class CF level6
class B highlight
%% class A level1
%% class B,C level2
%% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
%% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
%% class B highlight