Refractory ceramic goods; containing by weight more than 50% of graphite or other forms of carbon or of a mixture of these products, excluding those of siliceous fossil meals or similar earths

HS code 690310 covers a specialized category of refractory ceramic goods that are primarily composed of graphite or other forms of carbon. These materials play a crucial role in various industrial processes, particularly in high-temperature applications where their exceptional heat resistance and thermal conductivity properties are essential. The products within this code are widely used across sectors such as metallurgy, glass manufacturing, and chemical processing, making them an integral part of the broader industrial landscape.

The production of refractory ceramic goods under HS code 690310 typically involves a multi-step process. First, the raw materials, which may include graphite, carbon, and other refractory minerals, are carefully selected and blended in precise proportions. The mixture is then subjected to high-temperature firing or sintering, during which the components fuse together to form a dense, durable ceramic material. Depending on the specific application, the finished products may undergo additional shaping, machining, or surface treatment to meet the required specifications.

The main inputs for the production of HS code 690310 refractory ceramic goods include graphite, carbon, and other refractory minerals such as 251910 Dolomite, calcined or sintered, 252100 Limestone flux; limestone and other calcareous stone, of a kind used for the manufacture of lime or cement, and 252910 Sillimanite, whether or not calcined; mullite; chamotte or dinas earths. Additionally, specialized equipment such as high-temperature furnaces, mixing and molding machines, and precision cutting tools are essential for the manufacturing process.

The primary outputs of HS code 690310 are refractory ceramic goods that are designed to withstand high temperatures and harsh industrial environments. These products are widely used in various industries, including 720110 Pig iron and spiegeleisen in pigs, blocks or other primary forms, 700100 Cullet and other waste and scrap of glass; glass in the mass, and 281410 Anhydrous ammonia. The unique properties of these refractory ceramics make them indispensable for applications such as furnace linings, crucibles, and other high-temperature equipment.