Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood

HS v2017 Code: 4412

About plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood

HS code 4412 covers a diverse range of engineered wood products, including plywood, veneered panels, and other types of laminated wood. These materials play a crucial role in the construction, furniture, and packaging industries, providing strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal. As a key component of the global timber trade, the 4412 industry is an important contributor to the broader economy, supporting a wide range of downstream applications and generating significant export revenue for producing countries.

Production process

The production of 4412 products typically involves the layering and bonding of thin wood veneers or sheets, often using adhesives and heat-based processes. Plywood, for example, is created by arranging multiple layers of wood with the grain running in different directions, which enhances the material's strength and stability. Veneered panels, on the other hand, feature a thin decorative veneer layer bonded to a core of less expensive wood or engineered materials. These manufacturing techniques allow for the creation of a diverse range of sizes, thicknesses, and surface finishes to meet the specific needs of various end-users.

Production inputs

The 4412 industry relies on a steady supply of raw timber, which is typically sourced from 4403 Wood in the rough and 4408 Sheets for veneering. In addition to the primary wood inputs, the industry also requires adhesives, such as resins and glues, as well as specialized machinery for cutting, layering, and pressing the wood materials. Energy sources, such as electricity or natural gas, are also essential for powering the production processes.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the 4412 industry are plywood, veneered panels, and other types of laminated wood products. These materials are widely used in the construction industry for applications such as flooring, wall paneling, and furniture components. They are also commonly used in the packaging industry for creating crates, pallets, and other shipping containers. Additionally, 4412 products may be further processed and incorporated into other wood-based items, such as 4415 Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood and 9403 Furniture and parts thereof.

Family tree for plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/44'>44: Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4412'>4412: Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4401'>4401: Fuel wood, in logs, billets, twigs, faggots or similar forms; wood in chip or particles; sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4402'>4402: Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4403'>4403: Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4404'>4404: Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets, stakes of wood, pointed, not sawn lengthwise; wooden sticks, roughly trimmed, not turned, bent, etc., suitable for walking sticks, umbrellas, tool handles, etc.</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4405'>4405: Wood wool; wood flour</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4406'>4406: Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4407'>4407: Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4408'>4408: Sheets for veneering (including those obtained by slicing laminated wood), for plywood or for similar laminated wood and other wood, sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, planed or not, sanded, spliced or end-jointed, of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4409'>4409: Wood (including strips, friezes for parquet flooring, not assembled), continuously shaped (tongued, grooved, v-jointed, beaded or the like) along any edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4410'>4410: Particle board, oriented strand board (OSB) and similar board (e.g. waferboard) of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4411'>4411: Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not bonded with resins or other organic substances</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4413'>4413: Densified wood, in blocks, plates, strips or profile shapes</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4414'>4414: Wooden frames; for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4415'>4415: Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood; cable-drums of wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood; pallet collars of wood</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4416'>4416: Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof, of wood, including staves</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4417'>4417: Tools, tool bodies, tool handles, broom or brush bodies and handles, of wood; boot or shoe lasts and trees, of wood</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4418'>4418: Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4419'>4419: Tableware and kitchenware, of wood</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4420'>4420: Wood marquetry and inlaid wood; caskets and cases for jewellery or cutlery, and similar articles of wood; statuettes and other ornaments of wood; wooden articles of furniture not falling in chapter 94</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4421'>4421: Wooden articles n.e.c. in heading no. 4414 to 4420</a>"]

    B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/441210'>441210: Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood; of bamboo</a>"]
B --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/441231'>441231: Plywood; consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood</a>"]
B --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/441233'>441233: Plywood; with sheets of wood only; not bamboo; each ply 6mm or less, with at least one outer ply of alder, ash, beech, birch, cherry, chestnut, elm, eucalyptus, hickory, horse chestnut, lime, maple, oak, plane, poplar, aspen, robinia, tulipwood or walnut</a>"]
B --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/441234'>441234: Plywood; consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood not listed in subheading 4412.33</a>"]
B --> BA["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/441239'>441239: Plywood; consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with both outer plies of coniferous wood</a>"]
B --> BB["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/441294'>441294: Blockboard, laminboard and battenboard (not bamboo, and other than plywood consisting only of sheets of wood each ply 6mm or thinner)</a>"]
B --> BC["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/441299'>441299: Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood (other than blockboard, laminboard and battenboard, other than of bamboo, and other than plywood consisting only of sheets of wood each ply 6mm or thinner)</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level6
class X level6
class Y level6
class Z level6
class BA level6
class BB level6
class BC level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight