Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood

HS v2017 Code: 4406

Chapter	Heading	Sub-heading
44	06	n/a

Code	4406
Version	HS v2017
Hierarchy Level	4
Datasource	WCO
Chapter	44

Ancestor Codes: Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

This Code: Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood

Child Codes: Wood; railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), impregnated, coniferous; Wood; railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), impregnated, non-coniferous; Wood; railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), not impregnated, non-coniferous; Wood; railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), not impregnated, coniferous

Sibling Codes (Nearest 5): Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared; Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets, stakes of wood, pointed, not sawn lengthwise; wooden sticks, roughly trimmed, not turned, bent, etc., suitable for walking sticks, umbrellas, tool handles, etc.; Wood wool; wood flour; Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm; Sheets for veneering (including those obtained by slicing laminated wood), for plywood or for similar laminated wood and other wood, sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, planed or not, sanded, spliced or end-jointed, of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm

About railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood

HS code 4406 covers railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) made of wood. These essential components of rail infrastructure play a crucial role in the transportation industry, providing a stable and durable foundation for railway tracks. The production and trade of wooden sleepers is a significant economic activity, supporting the construction and maintenance of rail networks worldwide.

Production process

Wooden railway sleepers are typically produced through a process of sawing, shaping, and treating. Logs are first cut to the desired length, then shaped into the characteristic rectangular or square cross-section. The sleepers are then subjected to various preservation treatments, such as pressure impregnation with preservatives, to enhance their durability and resistance to weathering and decay.

Production inputs

The main inputs for the production of HS code 4406 wooden sleepers include high-quality timber, typically from hardwood species like oak, beech, or pine. Specialized machinery, such as sawmills, planers, and treatment facilities, are also essential for the manufacturing process. Additionally, preservative chemicals and other treatment materials are required to ensure the long-term performance of the sleepers.

Production outputs

The primary output of HS code 4406 is the wooden railway or tramway sleeper, which is a critical component in the construction and maintenance of rail infrastructure. These sleepers are consumed by 4907 Railway or tramway passenger transport services, 4908 Railway or tramway freight transport services, and 4203 Construction of railways and underground railways.

Family tree for railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/44'>44: Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4406'>4406: Railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood</a>"]

    A --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4401'>4401: Fuel wood, in logs, billets, twigs, faggots or similar forms; wood in chip or particles; sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms</a>"]
A --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4402'>4402: Wood charcoal (including shell or nut charcoal), whether or not agglomerated</a>"]
A --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4403'>4403: Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared</a>"]
A --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4404'>4404: Hoopwood; split poles; piles, pickets, stakes of wood, pointed, not sawn lengthwise; wooden sticks, roughly trimmed, not turned, bent, etc., suitable for walking sticks, umbrellas, tool handles, etc.</a>"]
A --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4405'>4405: Wood wool; wood flour</a>"]
A --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4407'>4407: Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6mm</a>"]
A --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4408'>4408: Sheets for veneering (including those obtained by slicing laminated wood), for plywood or for similar laminated wood and other wood, sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled, planed or not, sanded, spliced or end-jointed, of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm</a>"]
A --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4409'>4409: Wood (including strips, friezes for parquet flooring, not assembled), continuously shaped (tongued, grooved, v-jointed, beaded or the like) along any edges, ends or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed</a>"]
A --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4410'>4410: Particle board, oriented strand board (OSB) and similar board (e.g. waferboard) of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances</a>"]
A --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4411'>4411: Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not bonded with resins or other organic substances</a>"]
A --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4412'>4412: Plywood, veneered panels and similar laminated wood</a>"]
A --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4413'>4413: Densified wood, in blocks, plates, strips or profile shapes</a>"]
A --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4414'>4414: Wooden frames; for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects</a>"]
A --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4415'>4415: Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood; cable-drums of wood; pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood; pallet collars of wood</a>"]
A --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4416'>4416: Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof, of wood, including staves</a>"]
A --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4417'>4417: Tools, tool bodies, tool handles, broom or brush bodies and handles, of wood; boot or shoe lasts and trees, of wood</a>"]
A --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4418'>4418: Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes</a>"]
A --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4419'>4419: Tableware and kitchenware, of wood</a>"]
A --> U["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4420'>4420: Wood marquetry and inlaid wood; caskets and cases for jewellery or cutlery, and similar articles of wood; statuettes and other ornaments of wood; wooden articles of furniture not falling in chapter 94</a>"]
A --> V["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4421'>4421: Wooden articles n.e.c. in heading no. 4414 to 4420</a>"]

    B --> W["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440611'>440611: Wood; railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), not impregnated, coniferous</a>"]
B --> X["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440612'>440612: Wood; railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), not impregnated, non-coniferous</a>"]
B --> Y["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440691'>440691: Wood; railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), impregnated, coniferous</a>"]
B --> Z["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440692'>440692: Wood; railway or tramway sleepers (cross-ties), impregnated, non-coniferous</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
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class B level4
class C level4
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level4
class I level4
class J level4
class K level4
class L level4
class M level4
class N level4
class O level4
class P level4
class Q level4
class R level4
class S level4
class T level4
class U level4
class V level4
class W level6
class X level6
class Y level6
class Z level6

  class B highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class B highlight