Wood; coniferous species, of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more

HS v2017 Code: 440323

About wood; coniferous species, of fir (abies spp.) and spruce (picea spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more

HS code 440323 covers the trade of coniferous wood, specifically fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), in the rough or roughly squared form. This industry is a crucial part of the global timber and forestry sector, providing essential raw materials for a wide range of downstream industries, including construction, furniture manufacturing, and paper production.

Production process

The production of the wood products covered by HS code 440323 typically involves harvesting mature coniferous trees from managed forests or plantations. The logs are then transported to sawmills or processing facilities, where they may be stripped of bark and sapwood, and roughly squared or left in the rough form, depending on the intended use. The wood is then dried, treated, and prepared for further processing or direct use in various applications.

Production inputs

The main inputs required for the production of the goods covered by HS code 440323 include mature coniferous trees, such as fir and spruce, as well as specialized logging and sawmilling equipment. Additional inputs may include energy sources, such as electricity or fuel, for powering the processing equipment, as well as labor for harvesting, transporting, and processing the raw materials.

Production outputs

The primary outputs of the industry covered by HS code 440323 are rough or roughly squared coniferous wood products, which can be used in a variety of applications. These outputs may be consumed by industries such as 440710 Wood; coniferous, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, of a thickness exceeding 6 mm, 441011 (Particle board and similar board (for example, oriented strand board and waferboard) of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic binding substances), and 441920 Wood; articles of, n.e.c. in heading no. 4419, among others.

Revisions to 440323

Classification codes are adjusted frequently. The code may have been revised or replaced between system versions. The table below shows the history (newest to oldest) of the code 440323. The most recent 1 version of this code (440323) is in the HS v2022 system:

This page shows a legacy version of code 440323 ( HS v2017).

Older versions

Family tree for wood; coniferous species, of fir (abies spp.) and spruce (picea spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/44'>44: Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/4403'>4403: Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440323'>440323: Wood; coniferous species, of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more</a>"]

    B --> D["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440311'>440311: Wood; coniferous species, in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared; treated with paint, stains, creosote or other preservatives</a>"]
B --> E["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440312'>440312: Wood; non-coniferous species, in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared; treated with paint, stains, creosote or other preservatives</a>"]
B --> F["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440321'>440321: Wood; coniferous species, of pine (Pinus spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more</a>"]
B --> G["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440322'>440322: Wood; coniferous species, of pine (Pinus spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is less than 15 cm</a>"]
B --> H["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440324'>440324: Wood; coniferous species, of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is less than 15 cm</a>"]
B --> I["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440325'>440325: Wood; coniferous species n.e.c in headings 4403.21 or 4403.23, in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more</a>"]
B --> J["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440326'>440326: Wood; coniferous species n.e.c in headings 4403.22 or 4403.24, in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is less than 15 cm</a>"]
B --> K["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440341'>440341: Wood, tropical; as specified in Subheading Note 2 to this Chapter, dark red meranti, light red meranti and meranti bakau, in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated</a>"]
B --> L["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440349'>440349: Wood, tropical; other than dark red meranti, light red meranti and meranti bakau, in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated</a>"]
B --> M["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440391'>440391: Wood; oak, in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated</a>"]
B --> N["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440393'>440393: Wood; of beech (Fagus spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more</a>"]
B --> O["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440394'>440394: Wood; of beech (Fagus spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is less than 15 cm</a>"]
B --> P["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440395'>440395: Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more</a>"]
B --> Q["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440396'>440396: Wood; of birch (Betula spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, of which any cross-sectional dimension is less than 15 cm</a>"]
B --> R["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440397'>440397: Wood; of poplar and aspen (Populus spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated</a>"]
B --> S["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440398'>440398: Wood; of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated</a>"]
B --> T["<a href='/classifications/hs/v2017/440399'>440399: Wood; in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, n.e.c. in heading no. 4403</a>"]

    

    %% Color coordination by level

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    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level2
class B level4
class C level6
class D level6
class E level6
class F level6
class G level6
class H level6
class I level6
class J level6
class K level6
class L level6
class M level6
class N level6
class O level6
class P level6
class Q level6
class R level6
class S level6
class T level6

  class C highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class C highlight