Ion-exchangers; based on polymers of heading no. 3901 to 3913, in primary forms

HS code 391400 covers ion-exchangers, which are materials used to remove specific ions from solutions. These ion-exchangers are typically based on polymers from heading nos. 3901 to 3913, and are in primary forms. They play a crucial role in various industrial processes, water treatment, and other applications where the selective removal or recovery of ions is required. This industry is an important part of the broader chemicals and plastics sector, contributing to the efficient management of resources and the production of a wide range of goods.

The production of ion-exchangers involves the polymerization of various monomers, such as styrene, divinylbenzene, and acrylic acid. These polymers are then functionalized with specific ion-exchange groups, such as sulfonic acid or quaternary ammonium groups, to give them the desired ion-exchange properties. The resulting ion-exchange resins are typically produced in bead or membrane form, depending on the specific application.

The main inputs for the production of ion-exchangers include the raw materials for the polymer synthesis, such as monomers, cross-linking agents, and initiators. Additionally, the production process requires specialized equipment, such as polymerization reactors, drying and sizing equipment, and resin-shaping machinery. Energy, water, and other utilities are also important inputs for this industry.

The primary output of the ion-exchanger industry is the ion-exchange resins and membranes themselves, which are used in a wide range of applications. These include 282000 Water treatment chemicals, 282090 Other chemical products, 281000 Basic chemicals, and 284000 Organic chemicals. Ion-exchangers are essential for the purification and separation of various substances, making them an important component in the production of many other goods and services.