Tanning substances; inorganic tanning substances; tanning preparations, whether or not containing natural tanning substances; enzymatic preparations for pre- tanning

HS code 320290 covers a diverse range of tanning substances, inorganic tanning materials, and tanning preparations. These products play a crucial role in the leather industry, enabling the transformation of raw hides and skins into high-quality leather goods. The global tanning industry is a significant contributor to the broader manufacturing and trade ecosystem, with applications spanning from footwear and apparel to automotive and furniture upholstery.

The production of tanning substances and preparations involves a multi-step process. Key techniques include the extraction and refinement of natural tanning agents, such as vegetable tannins, as well as the synthesis of inorganic tanning compounds. Enzymatic pre-tanning methods are also employed to prepare the raw materials for the tanning process, improving the quality and consistency of the final leather products.

The tanning industry relies on a variety of raw materials and resources, including hides and skins (410120 Bovine hides, whole, raw, 410121 Bovine hides, whole, fresh or salted, 410122 Bovine hides, whole, dried), natural tanning agents (such as quebracho, mimosa, and chestnut extracts), and inorganic chemicals (e.g., chromium salts, aluminum salts, and vegetable tanning extracts). Specialized machinery and equipment are also essential for the efficient processing and treatment of these materials.

The primary outputs of the tanning industry under HS code 320290 are tanned and processed leathers, which are then used as inputs for a wide range of downstream industries. These include the production of 420100 Saddlery and harness for any animal, of any material, 420310 Articles of apparel, of leather or of composition leather, 940161 Seats with wooden frames, upholstered, and 940169 Seats with metal frames, upholstered, among others. The tanning industry's outputs are crucial for the manufacturing of various leather goods, contributing to the global supply chain and meeting the demands of diverse consumer and industrial markets.