Ammonia; anhydrous

HS code 281410 covers the trade of anhydrous ammonia, a critical industrial chemical with a wide range of applications. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, and it is one of the most widely produced inorganic chemicals globally. It plays a vital role in the production of fertilizers, which are essential for supporting global food production, as well as in the manufacture of various other chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and industrial products.

Anhydrous ammonia is primarily produced through the Haber-Bosch process, which involves the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen gases under high temperature and pressure conditions. The process typically uses natural gas or other fossil fuels as the source of hydrogen, while the nitrogen is extracted from the air. The resulting ammonia is then liquefied and stored or transported for further processing and distribution.

The main inputs required for the production of anhydrous ammonia include natural gas or other hydrocarbon feedstocks, air (for nitrogen extraction), and significant amounts of energy to power the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of the Haber-Bosch process. Specialized equipment, such as compressors, heat exchangers, and reactors, are also essential for the production of ammonia.

Anhydrous ammonia, the primary output of HS code 281410, is a versatile chemical that is widely used as a feedstock for the production of 310210 Nitrogenous fertilizers, 281511 (Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)), and various other chemicals. It is also used directly as a refrigerant and in the production of explosives, pharmaceuticals, and cleaning products.