Semi-finished products of lead, zinc and tin or their alloys

CPC v2.1 Code: 4154

About semi-finished products of lead, zinc and tin or their alloys

cpc code 4154 covers the production of semi-finished products made from lead, zinc, and tin or their alloys. These materials are essential inputs for a wide range of industries, including construction, automotive, and electronics. The global demand for these semi-finished products has grown steadily in recent years, driven by rapid industrialization and urbanization, particularly in emerging economies.

Production process

The main production techniques for cpc code 4154 involve smelting, casting, and rolling or extrusion. Raw materials are first smelted to extract the pure metals, which are then alloyed as needed. The molten metal is then cast into ingots or other shapes, which are subsequently rolled or extruded into sheets, bars, or other semi-finished forms.

Production inputs

The key inputs for this industry include lead, zinc, and tin ores, as well as various alloying elements such as copper, antimony, and bismuth. Specialized equipment like smelters, casting machines, and rolling mills are also essential for the production process. Energy, particularly electricity and natural gas, is another significant input required for the various stages of manufacturing.

Production outputs

The semi-finished products covered by cpc code 4154 are used as inputs for a variety of downstream industries. These include the manufacture of 4311 Structural metal products, 4321 Tanks, reservoirs and containers of metal, and 4322 Steam generators, except central heating hot-water boilers. The outputs of this industry also serve as inputs for the 4323 Weapons and ammunition and 4324 Forged, pressed, stamped and roll-formed products of metal; powder metallurgy industries.

Family tree for semi-finished products of lead, zinc and tin or their alloys

    graph LR
    A["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/4'>4: Metal products, machinery and equipment</a>"]
A --> B["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/41'>41: Basic metals</a>"]
B --> C["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/415'>415: Semi-finished products of copper, nickel, aluminium, lead, zinc and tin or their alloys</a>"]
C --> D["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/4154'>4154: Semi-finished products of lead, zinc and tin or their alloys</a>"]

    C --> E["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/4151'>4151: Semi-finished products of copper or copper alloys</a>"]
C --> F["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/4152'>4152: Semi-finished products of nickel or nickel alloys</a>"]
C --> G["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/4153'>4153: Semi-finished products of aluminium or aluminium alloys</a>"]

    D --> H["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/41542'>41542: Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil; lead powders and flakes</a>"]
D --> I["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/41544'>41544: Zinc dust, powders and flakes</a>"]
D --> J["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/41545'>41545: Zinc bars, rods, profiles and wire; zinc plates, sheets, strip and foil</a>"]
D --> K["<a href='/classifications/cpc/v2-1/41547'>41547: Tin bars, rods, profiles and wire</a>"]


    %% Color coordination by level

    classDef level1 color:#000,fill:#a8f9ff,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
    classDef level2 color:#000,fill:#e0a458,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level3 color:#000,fill:#419d78,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level4 color:#000,fill:#c04abc,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level5 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef level6 color:#000,fill:#f1c40f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:1px
    classDef highlight color:#000,fill:#fff,stroke:#000,stroke-width:5px



  %% Apply classes
  class A level1
class B level2
class C level3
class D level4
class E level4
class F level4
class G level4
class H level5
class I level5
class J level5
class K level5

  class D highlight

  %% class A level1
  %% class B,C level2
  %% class D,E,F,G,H,I level2
  %% class J,K,L,M,N,O,P level3
  %% class D highlight